Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries

Josef Dolejs,1 Petra Marešová2 1Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, 2Department of Economics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Background: The answer...

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Autores principales: Dolejs J, Marešová P
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Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2017
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:1217c2e6fa5f43eba9e1a874471654372021-12-02T06:08:50ZOnset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/1217c2e6fa5f43eba9e1a874471654372017-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/onset-of-mortality-increase-with-age-and-age-trajectories-of-mortality-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Josef Dolejs,1 Petra Marešová2 1Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, 2Department of Economics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Background: The answer to the question “At what age does aging begin?” is tightly related to the question “Where is the onset of mortality increase with age?” Age affects mortality rates from all diseases differently than it affects mortality rates from nonbiological causes. Mortality increase with age in adult populations has been modeled by many authors, and little attention has been given to mortality decrease with age after birth.Materials and methods: Nonbiological causes are excluded, and the category “all diseases” is studied. It is analyzed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 1994–2011, and all possible models are screened. Age trajectories of mortality are analyzed separately: before the age category where mortality reaches its minimal value and after the age category.Results: Resulting age trajectories from all diseases showed a strong minimum, which was hidden in total mortality. The inverse proportion between mortality and age fitted in 54 of 58 cases before mortality minimum. The Gompertz model with two parameters fitted as mortality increased with age in 17 of 58 cases after mortality minimum, and the Gompertz model with a small positive quadratic term fitted data in the remaining 41 cases. The mean age where mortality reached minimal value was 8 (95% confidence interval 7.05–8.95) years. The figures depict an age where the human population has a minimal risk of death from biological causes.Conclusion: Inverse proportion and the Gompertz model fitted data on both sides of the mortality minimum, and three parameters determined the shape of the age–mortality trajectory. Life expectancy should be determined by the two standard Gompertz parameters and also by the single parameter in the model c/x. All-disease mortality represents an alternative tool to study the impact of age. All results are based on published data. Keywords: mortality, age, all diseases, external causes, Nordic countriesDolejs JMarešová PDove Medical PressarticleMortalityAgeAll diseasesExternal causesNordic countriesGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 12, Pp 161-173 (2017)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Mortality
Age
All diseases
External causes
Nordic countries
Geriatrics
RC952-954.6
spellingShingle Mortality
Age
All diseases
External causes
Nordic countries
Geriatrics
RC952-954.6
Dolejs J
Marešová P
Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
description Josef Dolejs,1 Petra Marešová2 1Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, 2Department of Economics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Background: The answer to the question “At what age does aging begin?” is tightly related to the question “Where is the onset of mortality increase with age?” Age affects mortality rates from all diseases differently than it affects mortality rates from nonbiological causes. Mortality increase with age in adult populations has been modeled by many authors, and little attention has been given to mortality decrease with age after birth.Materials and methods: Nonbiological causes are excluded, and the category “all diseases” is studied. It is analyzed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 1994–2011, and all possible models are screened. Age trajectories of mortality are analyzed separately: before the age category where mortality reaches its minimal value and after the age category.Results: Resulting age trajectories from all diseases showed a strong minimum, which was hidden in total mortality. The inverse proportion between mortality and age fitted in 54 of 58 cases before mortality minimum. The Gompertz model with two parameters fitted as mortality increased with age in 17 of 58 cases after mortality minimum, and the Gompertz model with a small positive quadratic term fitted data in the remaining 41 cases. The mean age where mortality reached minimal value was 8 (95% confidence interval 7.05–8.95) years. The figures depict an age where the human population has a minimal risk of death from biological causes.Conclusion: Inverse proportion and the Gompertz model fitted data on both sides of the mortality minimum, and three parameters determined the shape of the age–mortality trajectory. Life expectancy should be determined by the two standard Gompertz parameters and also by the single parameter in the model c/x. All-disease mortality represents an alternative tool to study the impact of age. All results are based on published data. Keywords: mortality, age, all diseases, external causes, Nordic countries
format article
author Dolejs J
Marešová P
author_facet Dolejs J
Marešová P
author_sort Dolejs J
title Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
title_short Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
title_full Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
title_fullStr Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
title_full_unstemmed Onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four Nordic countries
title_sort onset of mortality increase with age and age trajectories of mortality from all diseases in the four nordic countries
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2017
url https://doaj.org/article/1217c2e6fa5f43eba9e1a87447165437
work_keys_str_mv AT dolejsj onsetofmortalityincreasewithageandagetrajectoriesofmortalityfromalldiseasesinthefournordiccountries
AT maresovap onsetofmortalityincreasewithageandagetrajectoriesofmortalityfromalldiseasesinthefournordiccountries
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