How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.

Retrotransposons are major components of plant and animal genomes. They amplify by reverse transcription and reintegration into the host genome but their activity is usually epigenetically silenced. In plants, genomic copies of retrotransposons are typically associated with repressive chromatin modi...

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Autores principales:	Vladimir V Cavrak, Nicole Lettner, Suraj Jamge, Agata Kosarewicz, Laura Maria Bayer, Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12289af05a114c92a60fd1dc690eddb1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12289af05a114c92a60fd1dc690eddb12021-11-18T06:21:15ZHow a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.1553-73901553-740410.1371/journal.pgen.1004115https://doaj.org/article/12289af05a114c92a60fd1dc690eddb12014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24497839/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7390https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7404Retrotransposons are major components of plant and animal genomes. They amplify by reverse transcription and reintegration into the host genome but their activity is usually epigenetically silenced. In plants, genomic copies of retrotransposons are typically associated with repressive chromatin modifications installed and maintained by RNA-directed DNA methylation. To escape this tight control, retrotransposons employ various strategies to avoid epigenetic silencing. Here we describe the mechanism developed by ONSEN, an LTR-copia type retrotransposon in Arabidopsis thaliana. ONSEN has acquired a heat-responsive element recognized by plant-derived heat stress defense factors, resulting in transcription and production of full length extrachromosomal DNA under elevated temperatures. Further, the ONSEN promoter is free of CG and CHG sites, and the reduction of DNA methylation at the CHH sites is not sufficient to activate the element. Since dividing cells have a more pronounced heat response, the extrachromosomal ONSEN DNA, capable of reintegrating into the genome, accumulates preferentially in the meristematic tissue of the shoot. The recruitment of a major plant heat shock transcription factor in periods of heat stress exploits the plant's heat stress response to achieve the transposon's activation, making it impossible for the host to respond appropriately to stress without losing control over the invader.Vladimir V CavrakNicole LettnerSuraj JamgeAgata KosarewiczLaura Maria BayerOrtrun Mittelsten ScheidPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleGeneticsQH426-470ENPLoS Genetics, Vol 10, Iss 1, p e1004115 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Genetics QH426-470 Vladimir V Cavrak Nicole Lettner Suraj Jamge Agata Kosarewicz Laura Maria Bayer Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
description	Retrotransposons are major components of plant and animal genomes. They amplify by reverse transcription and reintegration into the host genome but their activity is usually epigenetically silenced. In plants, genomic copies of retrotransposons are typically associated with repressive chromatin modifications installed and maintained by RNA-directed DNA methylation. To escape this tight control, retrotransposons employ various strategies to avoid epigenetic silencing. Here we describe the mechanism developed by ONSEN, an LTR-copia type retrotransposon in Arabidopsis thaliana. ONSEN has acquired a heat-responsive element recognized by plant-derived heat stress defense factors, resulting in transcription and production of full length extrachromosomal DNA under elevated temperatures. Further, the ONSEN promoter is free of CG and CHG sites, and the reduction of DNA methylation at the CHH sites is not sufficient to activate the element. Since dividing cells have a more pronounced heat response, the extrachromosomal ONSEN DNA, capable of reintegrating into the genome, accumulates preferentially in the meristematic tissue of the shoot. The recruitment of a major plant heat shock transcription factor in periods of heat stress exploits the plant's heat stress response to achieve the transposon's activation, making it impossible for the host to respond appropriately to stress without losing control over the invader.
format	article
author	Vladimir V Cavrak Nicole Lettner Suraj Jamge Agata Kosarewicz Laura Maria Bayer Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
author_facet	Vladimir V Cavrak Nicole Lettner Suraj Jamge Agata Kosarewicz Laura Maria Bayer Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
author_sort	Vladimir V Cavrak
title	How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
title_short	How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
title_full	How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
title_fullStr	How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
title_full_unstemmed	How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
title_sort	how a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/12289af05a114c92a60fd1dc690eddb1
work_keys_str_mv	AT vladimirvcavrak howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation AT nicolelettner howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation AT surajjamge howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation AT agatakosarewicz howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation AT lauramariabayer howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation AT ortrunmittelstenscheid howaretrotransposonexploitstheplantsheatstressresponseforitsactivation
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How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation.

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