Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment

ABSTRACT Organisms and their resident microbial communities form a complex and mostly stable ecosystem. It is known that the specific composition and abundance of certain bacterial species affect host health and fitness, but the processes that lead to these microbial patterns are unknown. We investi...

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Autores principales:	Peter Deines, Katrin Hammerschmidt, Thomas C. G. Bosch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Hydra host-microbe interactions metaorganism microbiome species coexistence Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/122d5050127743f595c7569413c4441b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:122d5050127743f595c7569413c4441b2021-11-15T15:56:43ZMicrobial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment10.1128/mBio.00807-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/122d5050127743f595c7569413c4441b2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00807-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Organisms and their resident microbial communities form a complex and mostly stable ecosystem. It is known that the specific composition and abundance of certain bacterial species affect host health and fitness, but the processes that lead to these microbial patterns are unknown. We investigate this by deconstructing the simple microbiome of the freshwater polyp Hydra. We contrast the performance of its two main bacterial associates, Curvibacter and Duganella, on germfree hosts with two in vitro environments over time. We show that interactions within the microbiome but also the host environment lead to the observed species frequencies and abundances. More specifically, we find that both microbial species can only stably coexist in the host environment, whereas Duganella outcompetes Curvibacter in both in vitro environments irrespective of initial starting frequencies. While Duganella seems to benefit through secretions of Curvibacter, its competitive effect on Curvibacter depends upon direct contact. The competition might potentially be mitigated through the spatial distribution of the two microbial species on the host, which would explain why both species stably coexist on the host. Interestingly, the relative abundances of both species on the host do not match the relative abundances reported previously nor the overall microbiome carrying capacity as reported in this study. Both observations indicate that rare microbial community members might be relevant for achieving the native community composition and carrying capacity. Our study highlights that for dissecting microbial interactions the specific environmental conditions need to be replicated, a goal difficult to achieve with in vitro systems. IMPORTANCE This work studies microbial interactions within the microbiome of the simple cnidarian Hydra and investigates whether microbial species coexistence and community stability depend on the host environment. We find that the outcome of the interaction between the two most dominant bacterial species in Hydra’s microbiome differs depending on the environment and results in a stable coexistence only in the host context. The interactive ecology between the host and the two most dominant microbes, but also the less abundant members of the microbiome, is critically important for achieving the native community composition. This indicates that the metaorganism environment needs to be taken into account when studying microbial interactions.Peter DeinesKatrin HammerschmidtThomas C. G. BoschAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleHydrahost-microbe interactionsmetaorganismmicrobiomespecies coexistenceMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hydra host-microbe interactions metaorganism microbiome species coexistence Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Hydra host-microbe interactions metaorganism microbiome species coexistence Microbiology QR1-502 Peter Deines Katrin Hammerschmidt Thomas C. G. Bosch Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
description	ABSTRACT Organisms and their resident microbial communities form a complex and mostly stable ecosystem. It is known that the specific composition and abundance of certain bacterial species affect host health and fitness, but the processes that lead to these microbial patterns are unknown. We investigate this by deconstructing the simple microbiome of the freshwater polyp Hydra. We contrast the performance of its two main bacterial associates, Curvibacter and Duganella, on germfree hosts with two in vitro environments over time. We show that interactions within the microbiome but also the host environment lead to the observed species frequencies and abundances. More specifically, we find that both microbial species can only stably coexist in the host environment, whereas Duganella outcompetes Curvibacter in both in vitro environments irrespective of initial starting frequencies. While Duganella seems to benefit through secretions of Curvibacter, its competitive effect on Curvibacter depends upon direct contact. The competition might potentially be mitigated through the spatial distribution of the two microbial species on the host, which would explain why both species stably coexist on the host. Interestingly, the relative abundances of both species on the host do not match the relative abundances reported previously nor the overall microbiome carrying capacity as reported in this study. Both observations indicate that rare microbial community members might be relevant for achieving the native community composition and carrying capacity. Our study highlights that for dissecting microbial interactions the specific environmental conditions need to be replicated, a goal difficult to achieve with in vitro systems. IMPORTANCE This work studies microbial interactions within the microbiome of the simple cnidarian Hydra and investigates whether microbial species coexistence and community stability depend on the host environment. We find that the outcome of the interaction between the two most dominant bacterial species in Hydra’s microbiome differs depending on the environment and results in a stable coexistence only in the host context. The interactive ecology between the host and the two most dominant microbes, but also the less abundant members of the microbiome, is critically important for achieving the native community composition. This indicates that the metaorganism environment needs to be taken into account when studying microbial interactions.
format	article
author	Peter Deines Katrin Hammerschmidt Thomas C. G. Bosch
author_facet	Peter Deines Katrin Hammerschmidt Thomas C. G. Bosch
author_sort	Peter Deines
title	Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
title_short	Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
title_full	Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
title_fullStr	Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment
title_sort	microbial species coexistence depends on the host environment
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/122d5050127743f595c7569413c4441b
work_keys_str_mv	AT peterdeines microbialspeciescoexistencedependsonthehostenvironment AT katrinhammerschmidt microbialspeciescoexistencedependsonthehostenvironment AT thomascgbosch microbialspeciescoexistencedependsonthehostenvironment
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Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment

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