Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are key contributors to the current global biodiversity crisis. Psittaciformes (parrots) are one of the most vulnerable avian taxa and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is the most common viral disease in wild parrots. PBFD is caused by the beak and feath...

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Autores principales:	Deborah J. Fogell, Simon Tollington, Vikash Tatayah, Sion Henshaw, Houshna Naujeer, Carl Jones, Claire Raisin, Andrew Greenwood, Jim J. Groombridge
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	BFDV emerging infectious disease haplotypes parrot PBFD viral diversification Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12311bbbacee4edea5a6dee664478599
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12311bbbacee4edea5a6dee6644785992021-11-25T17:22:54ZEvolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet10.3390/d131105841424-2818https://doaj.org/article/12311bbbacee4edea5a6dee6644785992021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/584https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are key contributors to the current global biodiversity crisis. Psittaciformes (parrots) are one of the most vulnerable avian taxa and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is the most common viral disease in wild parrots. PBFD is caused by the beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), which belongs to the Circoviridae family and comprises a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. BFDV is considered to have spread rapidly across the world and, in 2005, an outbreak of PBFD was documented in the recovering population of the Mauritius parakeet (<i>Alexandrinus eques</i>). The Mauritius parakeet was once the world’s rarest parrot and has been successfully recovered through 30 years of intensive conservation management. Molecular surveillance for the prevalence of BFDV was carried out across a 24-year sample archive spanning the period from 1993 to 2017, and DNA sequencing of positive individuals provided an opportunity to assess patterns of phylogenetic and haplotype diversity. Phylogenetic analyses show variation in the extent of viral diversification within the replicase protein (Rep). Timeseries of BFDV prevalence and number of haplotypes reveal that two subsequent waves of infection occurred in 2010/2011 and 2013/2014 following the initial outbreak in 2005. Continued disease surveillance to determine the frequency and intensity of subsequent waves of infection may benefit future translocation/reintroduction planning. The continued growth of the Mauritius parakeet population despite the presence of BFDV bodes well for its long-term persistence.Deborah J. FogellSimon TollingtonVikash TatayahSion HenshawHoushna NaujeerCarl JonesClaire RaisinAndrew GreenwoodJim J. GroombridgeMDPI AGarticleBFDVemerging infectious diseasehaplotypesparrotPBFDviral diversificationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 584, p 584 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	BFDV emerging infectious disease haplotypes parrot PBFD viral diversification Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	BFDV emerging infectious disease haplotypes parrot PBFD viral diversification Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Deborah J. Fogell Simon Tollington Vikash Tatayah Sion Henshaw Houshna Naujeer Carl Jones Claire Raisin Andrew Greenwood Jim J. Groombridge Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
description	Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are key contributors to the current global biodiversity crisis. Psittaciformes (parrots) are one of the most vulnerable avian taxa and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is the most common viral disease in wild parrots. PBFD is caused by the beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), which belongs to the Circoviridae family and comprises a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. BFDV is considered to have spread rapidly across the world and, in 2005, an outbreak of PBFD was documented in the recovering population of the Mauritius parakeet (<i>Alexandrinus eques</i>). The Mauritius parakeet was once the world’s rarest parrot and has been successfully recovered through 30 years of intensive conservation management. Molecular surveillance for the prevalence of BFDV was carried out across a 24-year sample archive spanning the period from 1993 to 2017, and DNA sequencing of positive individuals provided an opportunity to assess patterns of phylogenetic and haplotype diversity. Phylogenetic analyses show variation in the extent of viral diversification within the replicase protein (Rep). Timeseries of BFDV prevalence and number of haplotypes reveal that two subsequent waves of infection occurred in 2010/2011 and 2013/2014 following the initial outbreak in 2005. Continued disease surveillance to determine the frequency and intensity of subsequent waves of infection may benefit future translocation/reintroduction planning. The continued growth of the Mauritius parakeet population despite the presence of BFDV bodes well for its long-term persistence.
format	article
author	Deborah J. Fogell Simon Tollington Vikash Tatayah Sion Henshaw Houshna Naujeer Carl Jones Claire Raisin Andrew Greenwood Jim J. Groombridge
author_facet	Deborah J. Fogell Simon Tollington Vikash Tatayah Sion Henshaw Houshna Naujeer Carl Jones Claire Raisin Andrew Greenwood Jim J. Groombridge
author_sort	Deborah J. Fogell
title	Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
title_short	Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
title_full	Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
title_fullStr	Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet
title_sort	evolution of beak and feather disease virus across three decades of conservation intervention for population recovery of the mauritius parakeet
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12311bbbacee4edea5a6dee664478599
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Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet

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