A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults

ABSTRACT Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in c...

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Autores principales:	Owen Cronin, Wiley Barton, Peter Skuse, Nicholas C. Penney, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Eileen F. Murphy, Trevor Woods, Helena Nugent, Aine Fanning, Silvia Melgar, Eanna C. Falvey, Elaine Holmes, Paul D. Cotter, Orla O’Sullivan, Michael G. Molloy, Fergus Shanahan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	bacteriophages exercise metabolism microbial communities next-generation sequencing whey protein Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/123b424201ba429a84ccc5320d03c082
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:123b424201ba429a84ccc5320d03c0822021-12-02T19:46:17ZA Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults10.1128/mSystems.00044-182379-5077https://doaj.org/article/123b424201ba429a84ccc5320d03c0822018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00044-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in cross-sectional studies of habitual athletes. However, this relationship is also affected by changes in diet, such as changes in dietary and supplementary protein consumption, that coincide with exercise. To determine whether increasing physical activity and/or increased protein intake modulates gut microbial composition and function, we prospectively challenged healthy but sedentary adults with a short-term exercise regime, with and without concurrent daily whey protein consumption. Metagenomics- and metabolomics-based assessments demonstrated modest changes in gut microbial composition and function following increases in physical activity. Significant changes in the diversity of the gut virome were evident in participants receiving daily whey protein supplementation. Results indicate that improved body composition with exercise is not dependent on major changes in the diversity of microbial populations in the gut. The diverse microbial characteristics previously observed in long-term habitual athletes may be a later response to exercise and fitness improvement. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome.Owen CroninWiley BartonPeter SkuseNicholas C. PenneyIsabel Garcia-PerezEileen F. MurphyTrevor WoodsHelena NugentAine FanningSilvia MelgarEanna C. FalveyElaine HolmesPaul D. CotterOrla O’SullivanMichael G. MolloyFergus ShanahanAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacteriophagesexercisemetabolismmicrobial communitiesnext-generation sequencingwhey proteinMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacteriophages exercise metabolism microbial communities next-generation sequencing whey protein Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacteriophages exercise metabolism microbial communities next-generation sequencing whey protein Microbiology QR1-502 Owen Cronin Wiley Barton Peter Skuse Nicholas C. Penney Isabel Garcia-Perez Eileen F. Murphy Trevor Woods Helena Nugent Aine Fanning Silvia Melgar Eanna C. Falvey Elaine Holmes Paul D. Cotter Orla O’Sullivan Michael G. Molloy Fergus Shanahan A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
description	ABSTRACT Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in cross-sectional studies of habitual athletes. However, this relationship is also affected by changes in diet, such as changes in dietary and supplementary protein consumption, that coincide with exercise. To determine whether increasing physical activity and/or increased protein intake modulates gut microbial composition and function, we prospectively challenged healthy but sedentary adults with a short-term exercise regime, with and without concurrent daily whey protein consumption. Metagenomics- and metabolomics-based assessments demonstrated modest changes in gut microbial composition and function following increases in physical activity. Significant changes in the diversity of the gut virome were evident in participants receiving daily whey protein supplementation. Results indicate that improved body composition with exercise is not dependent on major changes in the diversity of microbial populations in the gut. The diverse microbial characteristics previously observed in long-term habitual athletes may be a later response to exercise and fitness improvement. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome.
format	article
author	Owen Cronin Wiley Barton Peter Skuse Nicholas C. Penney Isabel Garcia-Perez Eileen F. Murphy Trevor Woods Helena Nugent Aine Fanning Silvia Melgar Eanna C. Falvey Elaine Holmes Paul D. Cotter Orla O’Sullivan Michael G. Molloy Fergus Shanahan
author_facet	Owen Cronin Wiley Barton Peter Skuse Nicholas C. Penney Isabel Garcia-Perez Eileen F. Murphy Trevor Woods Helena Nugent Aine Fanning Silvia Melgar Eanna C. Falvey Elaine Holmes Paul D. Cotter Orla O’Sullivan Michael G. Molloy Fergus Shanahan
author_sort	Owen Cronin
title	A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
title_short	A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
title_full	A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
title_fullStr	A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
title_full_unstemmed	A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults
title_sort	prospective metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of the impact of exercise and/or whey protein supplementation on the gut microbiome of sedentary adults
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/123b424201ba429a84ccc5320d03c082
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A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults

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