activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.

Planarians are flatworms and can perform whole-body regeneration. This ability involves a mechanism to distinguish between anterior-facing wounds that require head regeneration and posterior-facing wounds that require tail regeneration. How this head-tail regeneration polarity decision is made is st...

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Autores principales:	Jennifer K Cloutier, Conor L McMann, Isaac M Oderberg, Peter W Reddien
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/123d26313eb5410fb3ef05a734fa755c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:123d26313eb5410fb3ef05a734fa755c2021-12-02T20:02:17Zactivin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.1553-73901553-740410.1371/journal.pgen.1009466https://doaj.org/article/123d26313eb5410fb3ef05a734fa755c2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009466https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7390https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7404Planarians are flatworms and can perform whole-body regeneration. This ability involves a mechanism to distinguish between anterior-facing wounds that require head regeneration and posterior-facing wounds that require tail regeneration. How this head-tail regeneration polarity decision is made is studied to identify principles underlying tissue-identity specification in regeneration. We report that inhibition of activin-2, which encodes an Activin-like signaling ligand, resulted in the regeneration of ectopic posterior-facing heads following amputation. During tissue turnover in uninjured planarians, positional information is constitutively expressed in muscle to maintain proper patterning. Positional information includes Wnts expressed in the posterior and Wnt antagonists expressed in the anterior. Upon amputation, several wound-induced genes promote re-establishment of positional information. The head-versus-tail regeneration decision involves preferential wound induction of the Wnt antagonist notum at anterior-facing over posterior-facing wounds. Asymmetric activation of notum represents the earliest known molecular distinction between head and tail regeneration, yet how it occurs is unknown. activin-2 RNAi animals displayed symmetric wound-induced activation of notum at anterior- and posterior-facing wounds, providing a molecular explanation for their ectopic posterior-head phenotype. activin-2 RNAi animals also displayed anterior-posterior (AP) axis splitting, with two heads appearing in anterior blastemas, and various combinations of heads and tails appearing in posterior blastemas. This was associated with ectopic nucleation of anterior poles, which are head-tip muscle cells that facilitate AP and medial-lateral (ML) pattern at posterior-facing wounds. These findings reveal a role for Activin signaling in determining the outcome of AP-axis-patterning events that are specific to regeneration.Jennifer K CloutierConor L McMannIsaac M OderbergPeter W ReddienPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleGeneticsQH426-470ENPLoS Genetics, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e1009466 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Genetics QH426-470 Jennifer K Cloutier Conor L McMann Isaac M Oderberg Peter W Reddien activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
description	Planarians are flatworms and can perform whole-body regeneration. This ability involves a mechanism to distinguish between anterior-facing wounds that require head regeneration and posterior-facing wounds that require tail regeneration. How this head-tail regeneration polarity decision is made is studied to identify principles underlying tissue-identity specification in regeneration. We report that inhibition of activin-2, which encodes an Activin-like signaling ligand, resulted in the regeneration of ectopic posterior-facing heads following amputation. During tissue turnover in uninjured planarians, positional information is constitutively expressed in muscle to maintain proper patterning. Positional information includes Wnts expressed in the posterior and Wnt antagonists expressed in the anterior. Upon amputation, several wound-induced genes promote re-establishment of positional information. The head-versus-tail regeneration decision involves preferential wound induction of the Wnt antagonist notum at anterior-facing over posterior-facing wounds. Asymmetric activation of notum represents the earliest known molecular distinction between head and tail regeneration, yet how it occurs is unknown. activin-2 RNAi animals displayed symmetric wound-induced activation of notum at anterior- and posterior-facing wounds, providing a molecular explanation for their ectopic posterior-head phenotype. activin-2 RNAi animals also displayed anterior-posterior (AP) axis splitting, with two heads appearing in anterior blastemas, and various combinations of heads and tails appearing in posterior blastemas. This was associated with ectopic nucleation of anterior poles, which are head-tip muscle cells that facilitate AP and medial-lateral (ML) pattern at posterior-facing wounds. These findings reveal a role for Activin signaling in determining the outcome of AP-axis-patterning events that are specific to regeneration.
format	article
author	Jennifer K Cloutier Conor L McMann Isaac M Oderberg Peter W Reddien
author_facet	Jennifer K Cloutier Conor L McMann Isaac M Oderberg Peter W Reddien
author_sort	Jennifer K Cloutier
title	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
title_short	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
title_full	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
title_fullStr	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
title_full_unstemmed	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
title_sort	activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/123d26313eb5410fb3ef05a734fa755c
work_keys_str_mv	AT jenniferkcloutier activin2isrequiredforregenerationofpolarityontheplanariananteriorposterioraxis AT conorlmcmann activin2isrequiredforregenerationofpolarityontheplanariananteriorposterioraxis AT isaacmoderberg activin2isrequiredforregenerationofpolarityontheplanariananteriorposterioraxis AT peterwreddien activin2isrequiredforregenerationofpolarityontheplanariananteriorposterioraxis
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activin-2 is required for regeneration of polarity on the planarian anterior-posterior axis.

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