Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa
During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R...
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oai:doaj.org-article:1272d8a9a5b3460cbc9b3626a5b35c1c2021-11-17T21:27:53ZApplication of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa1820-744810.2478/acve-2018-0033https://doaj.org/article/1272d8a9a5b3460cbc9b3626a5b35c1c2018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2018-0033https://doaj.org/toc/1820-7448During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals.Milovanović VladimirDimitrijević LjiljanaPetrušić VladimirKadrić JasminkaMinić RajnaŽivković IrenaSciendoarticleadjuvantanimal welfareantivenom productioneuropean vipershorsesimmunization scheduleVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENActa Veterinaria, Vol 68, Iss 4, Pp 401-419 (2018) |
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adjuvant animal welfare antivenom production european vipers horses immunization schedule Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
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adjuvant animal welfare antivenom production european vipers horses immunization schedule Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Milovanović Vladimir Dimitrijević Ljiljana Petrušić Vladimir Kadrić Jasminka Minić Rajna Živković Irena Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
description |
During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals. |
format |
article |
author |
Milovanović Vladimir Dimitrijević Ljiljana Petrušić Vladimir Kadrić Jasminka Minić Rajna Živković Irena |
author_facet |
Milovanović Vladimir Dimitrijević Ljiljana Petrušić Vladimir Kadrić Jasminka Minić Rajna Živković Irena |
author_sort |
Milovanović Vladimir |
title |
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
title_short |
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
title_full |
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
title_fullStr |
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa |
title_sort |
application of the 3r concept in the production of european antiviperinum on horses – multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and elisa |
publisher |
Sciendo |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/1272d8a9a5b3460cbc9b3626a5b35c1c |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1718425269379792896 |