Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates ex...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Marawan A. Marawan, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Suleiman El Tokhy, Sara Badawy, Ihsanullah Shirani, Ali Dawood, Aizhen Guo, Mashal M. Almutairi, Fahdah Ayed Alshammari, Abdelfattah Selim
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f0
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
id oai:doaj.org-article:129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f0
record_format dspace
spelling oai:doaj.org-article:129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f02021-11-25T19:12:59ZBovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective10.3390/v131121671999-4915https://doaj.org/article/129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2167https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.Marawan A. MarawanAbdulaziz AlouffiSuleiman El TokhySara BadawyIhsanullah ShiraniAli DawoodAizhen GuoMashal M. AlmutairiFahdah Ayed AlshammariAbdelfattah SelimMDPI AGarticlebovine leukosisgenomeprevalencepathogenesisclinical outcomesdiagnosisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2167, p 2167 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic bovine leukosis
genome
prevalence
pathogenesis
clinical outcomes
diagnosis
Microbiology
QR1-502
spellingShingle bovine leukosis
genome
prevalence
pathogenesis
clinical outcomes
diagnosis
Microbiology
QR1-502
Marawan A. Marawan
Abdulaziz Alouffi
Suleiman El Tokhy
Sara Badawy
Ihsanullah Shirani
Ali Dawood
Aizhen Guo
Mashal M. Almutairi
Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
Abdelfattah Selim
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
description Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.
format article
author Marawan A. Marawan
Abdulaziz Alouffi
Suleiman El Tokhy
Sara Badawy
Ihsanullah Shirani
Ali Dawood
Aizhen Guo
Mashal M. Almutairi
Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
Abdelfattah Selim
author_facet Marawan A. Marawan
Abdulaziz Alouffi
Suleiman El Tokhy
Sara Badawy
Ihsanullah Shirani
Ali Dawood
Aizhen Guo
Mashal M. Almutairi
Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
Abdelfattah Selim
author_sort Marawan A. Marawan
title Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
title_short Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
title_full Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
title_fullStr Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
title_full_unstemmed Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
title_sort bovine leukaemia virus: current epidemiological circumstance and future prospective
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f0
work_keys_str_mv AT marawanamarawan bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT abdulazizalouffi bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT suleimaneltokhy bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT sarabadawy bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT ihsanullahshirani bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT alidawood bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT aizhenguo bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT mashalmalmutairi bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT fahdahayedalshammari bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
AT abdelfattahselim bovineleukaemiaviruscurrentepidemiologicalcircumstanceandfutureprospective
_version_ 1718410137861881856