Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates ex...
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oai:doaj.org-article:129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f02021-11-25T19:12:59ZBovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective10.3390/v131121671999-4915https://doaj.org/article/129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2167https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.Marawan A. MarawanAbdulaziz AlouffiSuleiman El TokhySara BadawyIhsanullah ShiraniAli DawoodAizhen GuoMashal M. AlmutairiFahdah Ayed AlshammariAbdelfattah SelimMDPI AGarticlebovine leukosisgenomeprevalencepathogenesisclinical outcomesdiagnosisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2167, p 2167 (2021) |
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bovine leukosis genome prevalence pathogenesis clinical outcomes diagnosis Microbiology QR1-502 |
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bovine leukosis genome prevalence pathogenesis clinical outcomes diagnosis Microbiology QR1-502 Marawan A. Marawan Abdulaziz Alouffi Suleiman El Tokhy Sara Badawy Ihsanullah Shirani Ali Dawood Aizhen Guo Mashal M. Almutairi Fahdah Ayed Alshammari Abdelfattah Selim Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
description |
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies. |
format |
article |
author |
Marawan A. Marawan Abdulaziz Alouffi Suleiman El Tokhy Sara Badawy Ihsanullah Shirani Ali Dawood Aizhen Guo Mashal M. Almutairi Fahdah Ayed Alshammari Abdelfattah Selim |
author_facet |
Marawan A. Marawan Abdulaziz Alouffi Suleiman El Tokhy Sara Badawy Ihsanullah Shirani Ali Dawood Aizhen Guo Mashal M. Almutairi Fahdah Ayed Alshammari Abdelfattah Selim |
author_sort |
Marawan A. Marawan |
title |
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
title_short |
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
title_full |
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
title_fullStr |
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective |
title_sort |
bovine leukaemia virus: current epidemiological circumstance and future prospective |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/129ad6e306704d919bee82885f9e73f0 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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