The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.

Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this st...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal:	Noelle G Beckman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/129f207d58e84e9bbcb4f6eecfd24b9a
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:129f207d58e84e9bbcb4f6eecfd24b9a
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:129f207d58e84e9bbcb4f6eecfd24b9a2021-11-18T07:39:11ZThe distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0066764https://doaj.org/article/129f207d58e84e9bbcb4f6eecfd24b9a2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23843965/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in Central Panama. To investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shifts in allocation with fruit development, I quantified variation in toxicity between immature and mature fruit and between the seed and pericarp for eleven species. Toxicity of seed and pericarp was compared to leaf toxicity for five species. Toxicity was measured as reduced hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp., and reduced survivorship of brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, across a range of concentrations of crude extract. I used these measures of potential toxicity against generalist natural enemies to examine the effect of fruit toxicity on reductions of fruit development and seed survival by vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens measured for seven species in a natural enemy removal experiment. The seed or pericarp of all vertebrate- and wind-dispersed species reduced Artemia survivorship and hyphal growth of Fusarium during the immature and mature stages. Only mature fruit of two vertebrate-dispersed species reduced hyphal growth of Phoma. Predispersal seed survival increased with toxicity of immature fruit to Artemia during germination and decreased with toxicity to fungi during fruit development. This study suggests that fruit toxicity against generalist natural enemies may be common in Central Panama. These results support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites in fruit have adaptive value and are important in the evolution of fruit-frugivore interactions.Noelle G BeckmanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e66764 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Noelle G Beckman The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
description	Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in Central Panama. To investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shifts in allocation with fruit development, I quantified variation in toxicity between immature and mature fruit and between the seed and pericarp for eleven species. Toxicity of seed and pericarp was compared to leaf toxicity for five species. Toxicity was measured as reduced hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp., and reduced survivorship of brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, across a range of concentrations of crude extract. I used these measures of potential toxicity against generalist natural enemies to examine the effect of fruit toxicity on reductions of fruit development and seed survival by vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens measured for seven species in a natural enemy removal experiment. The seed or pericarp of all vertebrate- and wind-dispersed species reduced Artemia survivorship and hyphal growth of Fusarium during the immature and mature stages. Only mature fruit of two vertebrate-dispersed species reduced hyphal growth of Phoma. Predispersal seed survival increased with toxicity of immature fruit to Artemia during germination and decreased with toxicity to fungi during fruit development. This study suggests that fruit toxicity against generalist natural enemies may be common in Central Panama. These results support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites in fruit have adaptive value and are important in the evolution of fruit-frugivore interactions.
format	article
author	Noelle G Beckman
author_facet	Noelle G Beckman
author_sort	Noelle G Beckman
title	The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
title_short	The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
title_full	The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
title_fullStr	The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
title_full_unstemmed	The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.
title_sort	distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in central panama.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/129f207d58e84e9bbcb4f6eecfd24b9a
work_keys_str_mv	AT noellegbeckman thedistributionoffruitandseedtoxicityduringdevelopmentforelevenneotropicaltreesandvinesincentralpanama AT noellegbeckman distributionoffruitandseedtoxicityduringdevelopmentforelevenneotropicaltreesandvinesincentralpanama
_version_	1718423143481081856

The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama.

Ejemplares similares