Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile <i>Haliotis discus</i> and <i>H. madaka</i>. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that o...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/12be0a163a324470b87187829d615326 |
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| Sumario: | Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile <i>Haliotis discus</i> and <i>H. madaka</i>. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (<i>H. gigantea</i>, <i>H. discus discus</i>, and <i>H. diversicolor</i>) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus <i>H. discus hannai</i>) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, <i>H. gigantea</i>, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in <i>H. discus discus</i>, resulting in mass mortality. <i>H. discus discus</i> at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while <i>H. gigantea</i> did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except <i>H. diversicolor</i>, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile <i>H. discus discus</i> and <i>H. gigantea</i>, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In <i>H. diversicolor</i>, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that <i>H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai</i> are susceptible to AbALV, while <i>H. diversicolor</i> is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia. |
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