Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis discus hannai and Haliotis diversicolor, to Abalone asfa-like Virus

Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile Haliotis discus and H. madaka. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that o...

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Autores principales:	Tomomasa Matsuyama, Ikunari Kiryu, Mari Inada, Tomokazu Takano, Yuta Matsuura, Takashi Kamaishi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	abalone asfa-like virus AbALV abalone Haliotis virulence infectivity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12be0a163a324470b87187829d615326
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12be0a163a324470b87187829d6153262021-11-25T19:14:30ZSusceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus10.3390/v131123151999-4915https://doaj.org/article/12be0a163a324470b87187829d6153262021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2315https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile <i>Haliotis discus</i> and <i>H. madaka</i>. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (<i>H. gigantea</i>, <i>H. discus discus</i>, and <i>H. diversicolor</i>) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus <i>H. discus hannai</i>) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, <i>H. gigantea</i>, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in <i>H. discus discus</i>, resulting in mass mortality. <i>H. discus discus</i> at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while <i>H. gigantea</i> did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except <i>H. diversicolor</i>, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile <i>H. discus discus</i> and <i>H. gigantea</i>, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In <i>H. diversicolor</i>, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that <i>H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai</i> are susceptible to AbALV, while <i>H. diversicolor</i> is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia.Tomomasa MatsuyamaIkunari KiryuMari InadaTomokazu TakanoYuta MatsuuraTakashi KamaishiMDPI AGarticleabalone asfa-like virusAbALVabaloneHaliotisvirulenceinfectivityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2315, p 2315 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	abalone asfa-like virus AbALV abalone Haliotis virulence infectivity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	abalone asfa-like virus AbALV abalone Haliotis virulence infectivity Microbiology QR1-502 Tomomasa Matsuyama Ikunari Kiryu Mari Inada Tomokazu Takano Yuta Matsuura Takashi Kamaishi Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
description	Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile <i>Haliotis discus</i> and <i>H. madaka</i>. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (<i>H. gigantea</i>, <i>H. discus discus</i>, and <i>H. diversicolor</i>) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus <i>H. discus hannai</i>) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, <i>H. gigantea</i>, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in <i>H. discus discus</i>, resulting in mass mortality. <i>H. discus discus</i> at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while <i>H. gigantea</i> did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except <i>H. diversicolor</i>, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile <i>H. discus discus</i> and <i>H. gigantea</i>, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In <i>H. diversicolor</i>, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that <i>H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai</i> are susceptible to AbALV, while <i>H. diversicolor</i> is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia.
format	article
author	Tomomasa Matsuyama Ikunari Kiryu Mari Inada Tomokazu Takano Yuta Matsuura Takashi Kamaishi
author_facet	Tomomasa Matsuyama Ikunari Kiryu Mari Inada Tomokazu Takano Yuta Matsuura Takashi Kamaishi
author_sort	Tomomasa Matsuyama
title	Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
title_short	Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
title_full	Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
title_fullStr	Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
title_full_unstemmed	Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus
title_sort	susceptibility of four abalone species, <i>haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>haliotis diversicolor</i>, to abalone asfa-like virus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12be0a163a324470b87187829d615326
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Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, <i>Haliotis gigantea</i>, <i>Haliotis discus discus</i>, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> and <i>Haliotis diversicolor</i>, to Abalone asfa-like Virus

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