Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism

Abstract Despite an increasing interest in detecting early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the pathogenesis of the social impairments characterizing ASD is still largely unknown. Atypical visual attention to social stimuli is a potential early marker of the social and communicative deficit...

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Autores principales:	Elisa Di Giorgio, Orsola Rosa-Salva, Elisa Frasnelli, Antonio Calcagnì, Marco Lunghi, Maria Luisa Scattoni, Francesca Simion, Giorgio Vallortigara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12c99349a4674180901164a1bd682575
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12c99349a4674180901164a1bd6825752021-12-02T14:53:43ZAbnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism10.1038/s41598-021-95418-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/12c99349a4674180901164a1bd6825752021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95418-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Despite an increasing interest in detecting early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the pathogenesis of the social impairments characterizing ASD is still largely unknown. Atypical visual attention to social stimuli is a potential early marker of the social and communicative deficits of ASD. Some authors hypothesized that such impairments are present from birth, leading to a decline in the subsequent typical functioning of the learning-mechanisms. Others suggested that these early deficits emerge during the transition from subcortically to cortically mediated mechanisms, happening around 2–3 months of age. The present study aimed to provide additional evidence on the origin of the early visual attention disturbance that seems to characterize infants at high risk (HR) for ASD. Four visual preference tasks were used to investigate social attention in 4-month-old HR, compared to low-risk (LR) infants of the same age. Visual attention differences between HR and LR infants emerged only for stimuli depicting a direct eye-gaze, compared to an adverted eye-gaze. Specifically, HR infants showed a significant visual preference for the direct eye-gaze stimulus compared to LR infants, which may indicate a delayed development of the visual preferences normally observed at birth in typically developing infants. No other differences were found between groups. Results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses on the origins of early social visual attention impairments in infants at risk for ASD.Elisa Di GiorgioOrsola Rosa-SalvaElisa FrasnelliAntonio CalcagnìMarco LunghiMaria Luisa ScattoniFrancesca SimionGiorgio VallortigaraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elisa Di Giorgio Orsola Rosa-Salva Elisa Frasnelli Antonio Calcagnì Marco Lunghi Maria Luisa Scattoni Francesca Simion Giorgio Vallortigara Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
description	Abstract Despite an increasing interest in detecting early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the pathogenesis of the social impairments characterizing ASD is still largely unknown. Atypical visual attention to social stimuli is a potential early marker of the social and communicative deficits of ASD. Some authors hypothesized that such impairments are present from birth, leading to a decline in the subsequent typical functioning of the learning-mechanisms. Others suggested that these early deficits emerge during the transition from subcortically to cortically mediated mechanisms, happening around 2–3 months of age. The present study aimed to provide additional evidence on the origin of the early visual attention disturbance that seems to characterize infants at high risk (HR) for ASD. Four visual preference tasks were used to investigate social attention in 4-month-old HR, compared to low-risk (LR) infants of the same age. Visual attention differences between HR and LR infants emerged only for stimuli depicting a direct eye-gaze, compared to an adverted eye-gaze. Specifically, HR infants showed a significant visual preference for the direct eye-gaze stimulus compared to LR infants, which may indicate a delayed development of the visual preferences normally observed at birth in typically developing infants. No other differences were found between groups. Results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses on the origins of early social visual attention impairments in infants at risk for ASD.
format	article
author	Elisa Di Giorgio Orsola Rosa-Salva Elisa Frasnelli Antonio Calcagnì Marco Lunghi Maria Luisa Scattoni Francesca Simion Giorgio Vallortigara
author_facet	Elisa Di Giorgio Orsola Rosa-Salva Elisa Frasnelli Antonio Calcagnì Marco Lunghi Maria Luisa Scattoni Francesca Simion Giorgio Vallortigara
author_sort	Elisa Di Giorgio
title	Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
title_short	Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
title_full	Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
title_fullStr	Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
title_full_unstemmed	Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
title_sort	abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for autism
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12c99349a4674180901164a1bd682575
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Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism

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