South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.

Malaria has reemerged in many regions where once it was nearly eliminated. Yet the source of these parasites, the process of repopulation, their population structure, and dynamics are ill defined. Peru was one of malaria eradication's successes, where Plasmodium falciparum was nearly eliminated...

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Autores principales: Sean M Griffing, Tonya Mixson-Hayden, Sankar Sridaran, Md Tauqeer Alam, Andrea M McCollum, César Cabezas, Wilmer Marquiño Quezada, John W Barnwell, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Carmen Lucas, Nancy Arrospide, Ananias A Escalante, David J Bacon, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:12cdfb5788bf4a9cbc23ed42f744a9af2021-11-04T06:08:26ZSouth American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023486https://doaj.org/article/12cdfb5788bf4a9cbc23ed42f744a9af2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21949680/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Malaria has reemerged in many regions where once it was nearly eliminated. Yet the source of these parasites, the process of repopulation, their population structure, and dynamics are ill defined. Peru was one of malaria eradication's successes, where Plasmodium falciparum was nearly eliminated for two decades. It reemerged in the 1990s. In the new era of malaria elimination, Peruvian P. falciparum is a model of malaria reinvasion. We investigated its population structure and drug resistance profiles. We hypothesized that only populations adapted to local ecological niches could expand and repopulate and originated as vestigial populations or recent introductions. We investigated the genetic structure (using microsatellites) and drug resistant genotypes of 220 parasites collected from patients immediately after peak epidemic expansion (1999-2000) from seven sites across the country. The majority of parasites could be grouped into five clonal lineages by networks and AMOVA. The distribution of clonal lineages and their drug sensitivity profiles suggested geographic structure. In 2001, artesunate combination therapy was introduced in Peru. We tested 62 parasites collected in 2006-2007 for changes in genetic structure. Clonal lineages had recombined under selection for the fittest parasites. Our findings illustrate that local adaptations in the post-eradication era have contributed to clonal lineage expansion. Within the shifting confluence of drug policy and malaria incidence, populations continue to evolve through genetic outcrossing influenced by antimalarial selection pressure. Understanding the population substructure of P. falciparum has implications for vaccine, drug, and epidemiologic studies, including monitoring malaria during and after the elimination phase.Sean M GriffingTonya Mixson-HaydenSankar SridaranMd Tauqeer AlamAndrea M McCollumCésar CabezasWilmer Marquiño QuezadaJohn W BarnwellAlexandre Macedo De OliveiraCarmen LucasNancy ArrospideAnanias A EscalanteDavid J BaconVenkatachalam UdhayakumarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 9, p e23486 (2011)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Sean M Griffing
Tonya Mixson-Hayden
Sankar Sridaran
Md Tauqeer Alam
Andrea M McCollum
César Cabezas
Wilmer Marquiño Quezada
John W Barnwell
Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira
Carmen Lucas
Nancy Arrospide
Ananias A Escalante
David J Bacon
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
description Malaria has reemerged in many regions where once it was nearly eliminated. Yet the source of these parasites, the process of repopulation, their population structure, and dynamics are ill defined. Peru was one of malaria eradication's successes, where Plasmodium falciparum was nearly eliminated for two decades. It reemerged in the 1990s. In the new era of malaria elimination, Peruvian P. falciparum is a model of malaria reinvasion. We investigated its population structure and drug resistance profiles. We hypothesized that only populations adapted to local ecological niches could expand and repopulate and originated as vestigial populations or recent introductions. We investigated the genetic structure (using microsatellites) and drug resistant genotypes of 220 parasites collected from patients immediately after peak epidemic expansion (1999-2000) from seven sites across the country. The majority of parasites could be grouped into five clonal lineages by networks and AMOVA. The distribution of clonal lineages and their drug sensitivity profiles suggested geographic structure. In 2001, artesunate combination therapy was introduced in Peru. We tested 62 parasites collected in 2006-2007 for changes in genetic structure. Clonal lineages had recombined under selection for the fittest parasites. Our findings illustrate that local adaptations in the post-eradication era have contributed to clonal lineage expansion. Within the shifting confluence of drug policy and malaria incidence, populations continue to evolve through genetic outcrossing influenced by antimalarial selection pressure. Understanding the population substructure of P. falciparum has implications for vaccine, drug, and epidemiologic studies, including monitoring malaria during and after the elimination phase.
format article
author Sean M Griffing
Tonya Mixson-Hayden
Sankar Sridaran
Md Tauqeer Alam
Andrea M McCollum
César Cabezas
Wilmer Marquiño Quezada
John W Barnwell
Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira
Carmen Lucas
Nancy Arrospide
Ananias A Escalante
David J Bacon
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
author_facet Sean M Griffing
Tonya Mixson-Hayden
Sankar Sridaran
Md Tauqeer Alam
Andrea M McCollum
César Cabezas
Wilmer Marquiño Quezada
John W Barnwell
Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira
Carmen Lucas
Nancy Arrospide
Ananias A Escalante
David J Bacon
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
author_sort Sean M Griffing
title South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
title_short South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
title_full South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
title_fullStr South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
title_full_unstemmed South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
title_sort south american plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2011
url https://doaj.org/article/12cdfb5788bf4a9cbc23ed42f744a9af
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