Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč

Abstract As our human ancestors migrated into Eurasia, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to this climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore...

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Autores principales:	Ekaterina Stansfield, Philipp Mitteroecker, Sergey Y. Vasilyev, Sergey Vasilyev, Lauren N. Butaric
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12d32eb1dcc84db19004d1c3f1b98ac3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12d32eb1dcc84db19004d1c3f1b98ac32021-12-02T14:27:59ZRespiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč10.1038/s41598-021-86830-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/12d32eb1dcc84db19004d1c3f1b98ac32021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86830-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract As our human ancestors migrated into Eurasia, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to this climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Based on these data, we assess climate adaptations in two crucial Upper Palaeolithic human fossils, Sungir and Mladeč, associated with a boreal-to-temperate climate. We found several aspects of facial shape, especially the relative dimensions of the external nose, internal nose and maxillary sinuses, that are strongly associated with temperature and humidity, even after accounting for autocorrelation due to geographical proximity of populations. For these features, both fossils revealed adaptations to a dry environment, with Sungir being strongly associated with cold temperatures and Mladeč with warm-to-hot temperatures. These results suggest relatively quick adaptative rates of facial morphology in Upper Palaeolithic Europe.Ekaterina StansfieldPhilipp MitteroeckerSergey Y. VasilyevSergey VasilyevLauren N. ButaricNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ekaterina Stansfield Philipp Mitteroecker Sergey Y. Vasilyev Sergey Vasilyev Lauren N. Butaric Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
description	Abstract As our human ancestors migrated into Eurasia, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to this climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Based on these data, we assess climate adaptations in two crucial Upper Palaeolithic human fossils, Sungir and Mladeč, associated with a boreal-to-temperate climate. We found several aspects of facial shape, especially the relative dimensions of the external nose, internal nose and maxillary sinuses, that are strongly associated with temperature and humidity, even after accounting for autocorrelation due to geographical proximity of populations. For these features, both fossils revealed adaptations to a dry environment, with Sungir being strongly associated with cold temperatures and Mladeč with warm-to-hot temperatures. These results suggest relatively quick adaptative rates of facial morphology in Upper Palaeolithic Europe.
format	article
author	Ekaterina Stansfield Philipp Mitteroecker Sergey Y. Vasilyev Sergey Vasilyev Lauren N. Butaric
author_facet	Ekaterina Stansfield Philipp Mitteroecker Sergey Y. Vasilyev Sergey Vasilyev Lauren N. Butaric
author_sort	Ekaterina Stansfield
title	Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
title_short	Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
title_full	Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
title_fullStr	Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
title_full_unstemmed	Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč
title_sort	respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and upper palaeolithic individuals from sungir and mladeč
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12d32eb1dcc84db19004d1c3f1b98ac3
work_keys_str_mv	AT ekaterinastansfield respiratoryadaptationtoclimateinmodernhumansandupperpalaeolithicindividualsfromsungirandmladec AT philippmitteroecker respiratoryadaptationtoclimateinmodernhumansandupperpalaeolithicindividualsfromsungirandmladec AT sergeyyvasilyev respiratoryadaptationtoclimateinmodernhumansandupperpalaeolithicindividualsfromsungirandmladec AT sergeyvasilyev respiratoryadaptationtoclimateinmodernhumansandupperpalaeolithicindividualsfromsungirandmladec AT laurennbutaric respiratoryadaptationtoclimateinmodernhumansandupperpalaeolithicindividualsfromsungirandmladec
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Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč

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