Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines

Background Drought-driven acidification events of increasing frequency and severity are expected as a consequence of climate change, and these events may expose macroinvertebrate taxa to increased acidification beyond their tolerance levels. Recent work in lowland Costa Rica has shown that poorly-bu...

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Autores principales:	Carissa Ganong, Minor Hidalgo Oconitrillo, Catherine Pringle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	PeerJ Inc. 2021
Materias:	Macroinvertebrate Stream Acidification Tropical Climate change Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12d912599f8d4398b5021cb2a0cbf80f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12d912599f8d4398b5021cb2a0cbf80f2021-11-25T15:05:06ZThresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines10.7717/peerj.119552167-8359https://doaj.org/article/12d912599f8d4398b5021cb2a0cbf80f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://peerj.com/articles/11955.pdfhttps://peerj.com/articles/11955/https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359Background Drought-driven acidification events of increasing frequency and severity are expected as a consequence of climate change, and these events may expose macroinvertebrate taxa to increased acidification beyond their tolerance levels. Recent work in lowland Costa Rica has shown that poorly-buffered tropical streams exhibit natural seasonal variation in pH, with extremely low levels (<4.5) after extreme dry seasons). Our goal was to determine the threshold of pH effects on survival of three tropical stream macroinvertebrate taxa. Methods We conducted laboratory mesocosm experiments to determine acidification effects (using diluted HCl) on three focal macroinvertebrate taxa collected from a poorly-buffered stream at La Selva Biological Station: (1) mayfly naiads (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Traverella holzenthali), (2) adult shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Macrobrachium olfersii), and (3) larval midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). We also compared the effect of pH on survival and growth rates of larval midges from a poorly-buffered (pH 4.3–6.9) vs. a naturally well-buffered (pH 5.1–6.9) stream. Results/Discussion Mayfly and shrimp survival decreased between pH 4.0 and 3.5, overlapping with the range of lowest pH levels (3.6–4.0) recorded during a previous extreme El Niño Southern Oscillation event in 1998 and suggesting that increasingly extreme acidification events induced by climate change may negatively affect their survival. In contrast, survival of larval midges was unaffected by pH regimes at/above 3.5, indicating tolerance to pH levels experienced in poorly-buffered stream during seasonal acidification, which has presumably occurred over millennia. These findings highlight the potential importance of historical pH regimes in structuring macroinvertebrate communities. These results are relevant not only to lowland Neotropical streams, but also signal the need for further research in lotic ecosystems worldwide where drought-driven pH declines have been documented or are probable in the future.Carissa GanongMinor Hidalgo OconitrilloCatherine PringlePeerJ Inc.articleMacroinvertebrateStreamAcidificationTropicalClimate changeMedicineRENPeerJ, Vol 9, p e11955 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Macroinvertebrate Stream Acidification Tropical Climate change Medicine R
spellingShingle	Macroinvertebrate Stream Acidification Tropical Climate change Medicine R Carissa Ganong Minor Hidalgo Oconitrillo Catherine Pringle Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
description	Background Drought-driven acidification events of increasing frequency and severity are expected as a consequence of climate change, and these events may expose macroinvertebrate taxa to increased acidification beyond their tolerance levels. Recent work in lowland Costa Rica has shown that poorly-buffered tropical streams exhibit natural seasonal variation in pH, with extremely low levels (<4.5) after extreme dry seasons). Our goal was to determine the threshold of pH effects on survival of three tropical stream macroinvertebrate taxa. Methods We conducted laboratory mesocosm experiments to determine acidification effects (using diluted HCl) on three focal macroinvertebrate taxa collected from a poorly-buffered stream at La Selva Biological Station: (1) mayfly naiads (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Traverella holzenthali), (2) adult shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Macrobrachium olfersii), and (3) larval midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). We also compared the effect of pH on survival and growth rates of larval midges from a poorly-buffered (pH 4.3–6.9) vs. a naturally well-buffered (pH 5.1–6.9) stream. Results/Discussion Mayfly and shrimp survival decreased between pH 4.0 and 3.5, overlapping with the range of lowest pH levels (3.6–4.0) recorded during a previous extreme El Niño Southern Oscillation event in 1998 and suggesting that increasingly extreme acidification events induced by climate change may negatively affect their survival. In contrast, survival of larval midges was unaffected by pH regimes at/above 3.5, indicating tolerance to pH levels experienced in poorly-buffered stream during seasonal acidification, which has presumably occurred over millennia. These findings highlight the potential importance of historical pH regimes in structuring macroinvertebrate communities. These results are relevant not only to lowland Neotropical streams, but also signal the need for further research in lotic ecosystems worldwide where drought-driven pH declines have been documented or are probable in the future.
format	article
author	Carissa Ganong Minor Hidalgo Oconitrillo Catherine Pringle
author_facet	Carissa Ganong Minor Hidalgo Oconitrillo Catherine Pringle
author_sort	Carissa Ganong
title	Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
title_short	Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
title_full	Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
title_fullStr	Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
title_full_unstemmed	Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines
title_sort	thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven ph declines
publisher	PeerJ Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12d912599f8d4398b5021cb2a0cbf80f
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Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines

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