Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design

Wetland creation is a common practice to mitigate for the loss of natural wetlands. However, there is still uncertainty about how effectively created wetlands replace habitat provided by natural wetlands. This uncertainty is due in part because post-construction monitoring of biological communities,...

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Autores principales:	Emily B. Oja, Leah K. Swartz, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Created wetland Compensatory mitigation Colonization Wetland design Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12dc43e30b0b4eb18154771edcdb1c0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12dc43e30b0b4eb18154771edcdb1c0a2021-12-01T04:59:28ZAmphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108123https://doaj.org/article/12dc43e30b0b4eb18154771edcdb1c0a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21007883https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XWetland creation is a common practice to mitigate for the loss of natural wetlands. However, there is still uncertainty about how effectively created wetlands replace habitat provided by natural wetlands. This uncertainty is due in part because post-construction monitoring of biological communities, and vertebrates especially, is rare and typically short-term (<5 years). We estimated occupancy of 4 amphibian species in 8 created mitigation wetlands, 7 impacted wetlands, and 7 reference wetlands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Wyoming, USA. Mitigation wetlands were created to replace wetland habitat that was lost during road construction and ranged in age from 1 to 10 years when sampled. Impacted wetlands were natural wetlands partially filled by road construction and were adjacent to a highway. We sampled for amphibian larvae during 6 summers from 2013 to 2020 and used multi-species occupancy models that estimated detection and occupancy of each of 4 amphibian species to determine how amphibian responses changed over time, especially in mitigation wetlands. Occupancy did not differ between impacted and reference wetlands for any of the 4 amphibian species. Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) were most common (although briefly) in created wetlands, and occupancy of Columbia Spotted Frogs (Rana luteiventris), Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) was lower in created wetlands than in impacted or reference wetlands. Individual wetland area was positively associated with occupancy for all 4 species and wetland vegetation cover was positively associated with Boreal Chorus Frog and Columbia Spotted Frog occupancy; these results emphasize the importance of design characteristics when planning mitigation wetlands. The link between wetland age and occupancy was complex and included threshold and quadratic relationships for three of the four species, but only Boreal Chorus Frog occupancy was still increasing slowly at the end of our study. Our results indicate created wetlands did not attain the suitability of impacted and natural wetlands for local amphibians, even several years after construction. The complex relationships between wetland age and species-specific occupancy illustrate the importance of long-term monitoring in describing population responses to the construction of wetlands as mitigation for wetland loss.Emily B. OjaLeah K. SwartzErin MuthsBlake R. HossackElsevierarticleCreated wetlandCompensatory mitigationColonizationWetland designMonitoringGreater Yellowstone EcosystemEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 131, Iss , Pp 108123- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Created wetland Compensatory mitigation Colonization Wetland design Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Created wetland Compensatory mitigation Colonization Wetland design Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Ecology QH540-549.5 Emily B. Oja Leah K. Swartz Erin Muths Blake R. Hossack Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
description	Wetland creation is a common practice to mitigate for the loss of natural wetlands. However, there is still uncertainty about how effectively created wetlands replace habitat provided by natural wetlands. This uncertainty is due in part because post-construction monitoring of biological communities, and vertebrates especially, is rare and typically short-term (<5 years). We estimated occupancy of 4 amphibian species in 8 created mitigation wetlands, 7 impacted wetlands, and 7 reference wetlands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Wyoming, USA. Mitigation wetlands were created to replace wetland habitat that was lost during road construction and ranged in age from 1 to 10 years when sampled. Impacted wetlands were natural wetlands partially filled by road construction and were adjacent to a highway. We sampled for amphibian larvae during 6 summers from 2013 to 2020 and used multi-species occupancy models that estimated detection and occupancy of each of 4 amphibian species to determine how amphibian responses changed over time, especially in mitigation wetlands. Occupancy did not differ between impacted and reference wetlands for any of the 4 amphibian species. Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) were most common (although briefly) in created wetlands, and occupancy of Columbia Spotted Frogs (Rana luteiventris), Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) was lower in created wetlands than in impacted or reference wetlands. Individual wetland area was positively associated with occupancy for all 4 species and wetland vegetation cover was positively associated with Boreal Chorus Frog and Columbia Spotted Frog occupancy; these results emphasize the importance of design characteristics when planning mitigation wetlands. The link between wetland age and occupancy was complex and included threshold and quadratic relationships for three of the four species, but only Boreal Chorus Frog occupancy was still increasing slowly at the end of our study. Our results indicate created wetlands did not attain the suitability of impacted and natural wetlands for local amphibians, even several years after construction. The complex relationships between wetland age and species-specific occupancy illustrate the importance of long-term monitoring in describing population responses to the construction of wetlands as mitigation for wetland loss.
format	article
author	Emily B. Oja Leah K. Swartz Erin Muths Blake R. Hossack
author_facet	Emily B. Oja Leah K. Swartz Erin Muths Blake R. Hossack
author_sort	Emily B. Oja
title	Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
title_short	Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
title_full	Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
title_fullStr	Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
title_full_unstemmed	Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design
title_sort	amphibian population responses to mitigation: relative importance of wetland age and design
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12dc43e30b0b4eb18154771edcdb1c0a
work_keys_str_mv	AT emilyboja amphibianpopulationresponsestomitigationrelativeimportanceofwetlandageanddesign AT leahkswartz amphibianpopulationresponsestomitigationrelativeimportanceofwetlandageanddesign AT erinmuths amphibianpopulationresponsestomitigationrelativeimportanceofwetlandageanddesign AT blakerhossack amphibianpopulationresponsestomitigationrelativeimportanceofwetlandageanddesign
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Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design

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