Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas com...

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Autores principales:	Xiao-Ge Sun, Yue Wang, Tian Xie, Zhan-Tao Yang, Ji-Dong Wang, Yu-Hui Zheng, Cheng Guo, Yan Zhang, Qian-Qian Wang, Zhong-Han Wang, Wei Wang, Ya-Jing Wang, Hong-Jian Yang, Sheng-Li Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oilseed high-forage diets volatile acid CH<sub>4</sub> emission microbial communities Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/12e3fd8949ed45699f0b0e1a3ec134d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:12e3fd8949ed45699f0b0e1a3ec134d22021-11-25T18:24:58ZEffects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile10.3390/microorganisms91123042076-2607https://doaj.org/article/12e3fd8949ed45699f0b0e1a3ec134d22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2304https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (<i>p</i> = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of <i>Sutterella</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a greater abundance of <i>Butyrivibrio</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH<sub>4</sub> emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to <i>Methanobrevibacter</i>, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH<sub>4</sub> was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by <i>Butyrivibrio</i>.Xiao-Ge SunYue WangTian XieZhan-Tao YangJi-Dong WangYu-Hui ZhengCheng GuoYan ZhangQian-Qian WangZhong-Han WangWei WangYa-Jing WangHong-Jian YangSheng-Li LiMDPI AGarticleoilseedhigh-forage dietsvolatile acidCH<sub>4</sub> emissionmicrobial communitiesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2304, p 2304 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oilseed high-forage diets volatile acid CH<sub>4</sub> emission microbial communities Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	oilseed high-forage diets volatile acid CH<sub>4</sub> emission microbial communities Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Xiao-Ge Sun Yue Wang Tian Xie Zhan-Tao Yang Ji-Dong Wang Yu-Hui Zheng Cheng Guo Yan Zhang Qian-Qian Wang Zhong-Han Wang Wei Wang Ya-Jing Wang Hong-Jian Yang Sheng-Li Li Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
description	Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (<i>p</i> = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of <i>Sutterella</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a greater abundance of <i>Butyrivibrio</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH<sub>4</sub> emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to <i>Methanobrevibacter</i>, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH<sub>4</sub> was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by <i>Butyrivibrio</i>.
format	article
author	Xiao-Ge Sun Yue Wang Tian Xie Zhan-Tao Yang Ji-Dong Wang Yu-Hui Zheng Cheng Guo Yan Zhang Qian-Qian Wang Zhong-Han Wang Wei Wang Ya-Jing Wang Hong-Jian Yang Sheng-Li Li
author_facet	Xiao-Ge Sun Yue Wang Tian Xie Zhan-Tao Yang Ji-Dong Wang Yu-Hui Zheng Cheng Guo Yan Zhang Qian-Qian Wang Zhong-Han Wang Wei Wang Ya-Jing Wang Hong-Jian Yang Sheng-Li Li
author_sort	Xiao-Ge Sun
title	Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
title_short	Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
title_full	Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
title_fullStr	Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile
title_sort	effects of high-forage diets containing raw flaxseeds or soybean on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas emission, and microbial profile
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/12e3fd8949ed45699f0b0e1a3ec134d2
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Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile

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