Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.

<h4>Introduction</h4>Mild cold acclimation is known to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) in humans. We here tested the effect of a lifestyle with frequent exposure to extreme cold on BAT and CIT in a Dutch man known as 'the Iceman'...

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Autores principales:	Maarten J Vosselman, Guy H E J Vijgen, Boris R M Kingma, Boudewijn Brans, Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/130bfa885fee49febae71a0a5e767487
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:130bfa885fee49febae71a0a5e7674872021-11-25T06:08:48ZFrequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0101653https://doaj.org/article/130bfa885fee49febae71a0a5e7674872014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25014028/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Introduction</h4>Mild cold acclimation is known to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) in humans. We here tested the effect of a lifestyle with frequent exposure to extreme cold on BAT and CIT in a Dutch man known as 'the Iceman', who has multiple world records in withstanding extreme cold challenges. Furthermore, his monozygotic twin brother who has a 'normal' sedentary lifestyle without extreme cold exposures was measured.<h4>Methods</h4>The Iceman (subject A) and his brother (subject B) were studied during mild cold (13°C) and thermoneutral conditions (31°C). Measurements included BAT activity and respiratory muscle activity by [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging and energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry. In addition, body temperatures, cardiovascular parameters, skin perfusion, and thermal sensation and comfort were measured. Finally, we determined polymorphisms for uncoupling protein-1 and β3-adrenergic receptor.<h4>Results</h4>Subjects had comparable BAT activity (A: 1144 SUVtotal and B: 1325 SUVtotal), within the range previously observed in young adult men. They were genotyped with the polymorphism for uncoupling protein-1 (G/G). CIT was relatively high (A: 40.1% and B: 41.9%), but unlike during our previous cold exposure tests in young adult men, here both subjects practiced a g-Tummo like breathing technique, which involves vigorous respiratory muscle activity. This was confirmed by high [18F]FDG-uptake in respiratory muscle.<h4>Conclusion</h4>No significant differences were found between the two subjects, indicating that a lifestyle with frequent exposures to extreme cold does not seem to affect BAT activity and CIT. In both subjects, BAT was not higher compared to earlier observations, whereas CIT was very high, suggesting that g-Tummo like breathing during cold exposure may cause additional heat production by vigorous isometric respiratory muscle contraction. The results must be interpreted with caution given the low subject number and the fact that both participants practised the g-Tummo like breathing technique.Maarten J VosselmanGuy H E J VijgenBoris R M KingmaBoudewijn BransWouter D van Marken LichtenbeltPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e101653 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maarten J Vosselman Guy H E J Vijgen Boris R M Kingma Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
description	<h4>Introduction</h4>Mild cold acclimation is known to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) in humans. We here tested the effect of a lifestyle with frequent exposure to extreme cold on BAT and CIT in a Dutch man known as 'the Iceman', who has multiple world records in withstanding extreme cold challenges. Furthermore, his monozygotic twin brother who has a 'normal' sedentary lifestyle without extreme cold exposures was measured.<h4>Methods</h4>The Iceman (subject A) and his brother (subject B) were studied during mild cold (13°C) and thermoneutral conditions (31°C). Measurements included BAT activity and respiratory muscle activity by [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging and energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry. In addition, body temperatures, cardiovascular parameters, skin perfusion, and thermal sensation and comfort were measured. Finally, we determined polymorphisms for uncoupling protein-1 and β3-adrenergic receptor.<h4>Results</h4>Subjects had comparable BAT activity (A: 1144 SUVtotal and B: 1325 SUVtotal), within the range previously observed in young adult men. They were genotyped with the polymorphism for uncoupling protein-1 (G/G). CIT was relatively high (A: 40.1% and B: 41.9%), but unlike during our previous cold exposure tests in young adult men, here both subjects practiced a g-Tummo like breathing technique, which involves vigorous respiratory muscle activity. This was confirmed by high [18F]FDG-uptake in respiratory muscle.<h4>Conclusion</h4>No significant differences were found between the two subjects, indicating that a lifestyle with frequent exposures to extreme cold does not seem to affect BAT activity and CIT. In both subjects, BAT was not higher compared to earlier observations, whereas CIT was very high, suggesting that g-Tummo like breathing during cold exposure may cause additional heat production by vigorous isometric respiratory muscle contraction. The results must be interpreted with caution given the low subject number and the fact that both participants practised the g-Tummo like breathing technique.
format	article
author	Maarten J Vosselman Guy H E J Vijgen Boris R M Kingma Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
author_facet	Maarten J Vosselman Guy H E J Vijgen Boris R M Kingma Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
author_sort	Maarten J Vosselman
title	Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
title_short	Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
title_full	Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
title_fullStr	Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
title_full_unstemmed	Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
title_sort	frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/130bfa885fee49febae71a0a5e767487
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Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin.

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