(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. Howe...

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Autores principales:	Philip Bertemes, Robert Pjeta, Julia Wunderer, Alexandra L. Grosbusch, Birgit Lengerer, Kevin Grüner, Magdalena Knapp, Birte Mertens, Nikolas Andresen, Michael W. Hess, Sara Tomaiuolo, Armin Zankel, Patrik Holzer, Willi Salvenmoser, Bernhard Egger, Peter Ladurner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Macrostomum</i> non-permanent adhesion glue aquatic duo-gland adhesive system RNA interference Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/133bb15c103c4179b4ed2f41d9013ff4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:133bb15c103c4179b4ed2f41d9013ff42021-11-25T17:54:31Z(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms10.3390/ijms2222122281422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/133bb15c103c4179b4ed2f41d9013ff42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12228https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. However, little is known about how temporary adhesion is performed in other aquatic environments. Here, we performed a 3D reconstruction of the <i>M. lignano</i> adhesive organ and compared it to the morphology of five selected <i>Macrostomum</i>, representing two marine, one brackish, and two freshwater species. We compared the protein domains of the two adhesive proteins, as well as an anchor cell-specific intermediate filament. We analysed the gene expression of these proteins by in situ hybridisation and performed functional knockdowns with RNA interference. Remarkably, there are almost no differences in terms of morphology, protein regions, and gene expression based on marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This implies that glue components produced by macrostomids are conserved among species, and this set of two-component glue functions from low to high salinity. These findings could contribute to the development of novel reversible biomimetic glues that work in all wet environments and could have applications in drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives, or wound dressings.Philip BertemesRobert PjetaJulia WundererAlexandra L. GrosbuschBirgit LengererKevin GrünerMagdalena KnappBirte MertensNikolas AndresenMichael W. HessSara TomaiuoloArmin ZankelPatrik HolzerWilli SalvenmoserBernhard EggerPeter LadurnerMDPI AGarticle<i>Macrostomum</i>non-permanent adhesionglueaquaticduo-gland adhesive systemRNA interferenceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12228, p 12228 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Macrostomum</i> non-permanent adhesion glue aquatic duo-gland adhesive system RNA interference Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Macrostomum</i> non-permanent adhesion glue aquatic duo-gland adhesive system RNA interference Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Philip Bertemes Robert Pjeta Julia Wunderer Alexandra L. Grosbusch Birgit Lengerer Kevin Grüner Magdalena Knapp Birte Mertens Nikolas Andresen Michael W. Hess Sara Tomaiuolo Armin Zankel Patrik Holzer Willi Salvenmoser Bernhard Egger Peter Ladurner (Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
description	Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. However, little is known about how temporary adhesion is performed in other aquatic environments. Here, we performed a 3D reconstruction of the <i>M. lignano</i> adhesive organ and compared it to the morphology of five selected <i>Macrostomum</i>, representing two marine, one brackish, and two freshwater species. We compared the protein domains of the two adhesive proteins, as well as an anchor cell-specific intermediate filament. We analysed the gene expression of these proteins by in situ hybridisation and performed functional knockdowns with RNA interference. Remarkably, there are almost no differences in terms of morphology, protein regions, and gene expression based on marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This implies that glue components produced by macrostomids are conserved among species, and this set of two-component glue functions from low to high salinity. These findings could contribute to the development of novel reversible biomimetic glues that work in all wet environments and could have applications in drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives, or wound dressings.
format	article
author	Philip Bertemes Robert Pjeta Julia Wunderer Alexandra L. Grosbusch Birgit Lengerer Kevin Grüner Magdalena Knapp Birte Mertens Nikolas Andresen Michael W. Hess Sara Tomaiuolo Armin Zankel Patrik Holzer Willi Salvenmoser Bernhard Egger Peter Ladurner
author_facet	Philip Bertemes Robert Pjeta Julia Wunderer Alexandra L. Grosbusch Birgit Lengerer Kevin Grüner Magdalena Knapp Birte Mertens Nikolas Andresen Michael W. Hess Sara Tomaiuolo Armin Zankel Patrik Holzer Willi Salvenmoser Bernhard Egger Peter Ladurner
author_sort	Philip Bertemes
title	(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
title_short	(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
title_full	(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
title_fullStr	(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
title_full_unstemmed	(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
title_sort	(un)expected similarity of the temporary adhesive systems of marine, brackish, and freshwater flatworms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/133bb15c103c4179b4ed2f41d9013ff4
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(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

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