Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application

Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be ass...

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Autores principales:	Chunchen Liu, Linbao Ji, Jinhua Hu, Ying Zhao, Lee J. Johnston, Xiujun Zhang, Xi Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	autophagy autophagy-related diseases functional amino acids mTORC1 signal transduction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/135ae9d762fd4ae7b31ff8da28cd763c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:135ae9d762fd4ae7b31ff8da28cd763c2021-11-11T16:53:50ZFunctional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application10.3390/ijms2221114271422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/135ae9d762fd4ae7b31ff8da28cd763c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11427https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and obesity. Autophagy cannot be directly controlled and dynamic amino acid levels are sufficient to regulate autophagy. To date, arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine are widely reported functional amino acids that regulate autophagy. As a signal relay station, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) turns various amino acid signals into autophagy signaling pathways for functional amino acids. Deficiency or supplementation of functional amino acids can immediately regulate autophagy and is associated with autophagy-related disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms currently involved in autophagy and amino acid sensing, diverse signal transduction among functional amino acids and autophagy, and the therapeutic appeal of amino acids to autophagy-related diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of amino acid regulation of autophagy and the role of functional amino acids in clinical autophagy-related diseases and to further convert these mechanisms into feasible therapeutic applications.Chunchen LiuLinbao JiJinhua HuYing ZhaoLee J. JohnstonXiujun ZhangXi MaMDPI AGarticleautophagyautophagy-related diseasesfunctional amino acidsmTORC1signal transductionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11427, p 11427 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	autophagy autophagy-related diseases functional amino acids mTORC1 signal transduction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	autophagy autophagy-related diseases functional amino acids mTORC1 signal transduction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Chunchen Liu Linbao Ji Jinhua Hu Ying Zhao Lee J. Johnston Xiujun Zhang Xi Ma Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
description	Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and obesity. Autophagy cannot be directly controlled and dynamic amino acid levels are sufficient to regulate autophagy. To date, arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine are widely reported functional amino acids that regulate autophagy. As a signal relay station, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) turns various amino acid signals into autophagy signaling pathways for functional amino acids. Deficiency or supplementation of functional amino acids can immediately regulate autophagy and is associated with autophagy-related disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms currently involved in autophagy and amino acid sensing, diverse signal transduction among functional amino acids and autophagy, and the therapeutic appeal of amino acids to autophagy-related diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of amino acid regulation of autophagy and the role of functional amino acids in clinical autophagy-related diseases and to further convert these mechanisms into feasible therapeutic applications.
format	article
author	Chunchen Liu Linbao Ji Jinhua Hu Ying Zhao Lee J. Johnston Xiujun Zhang Xi Ma
author_facet	Chunchen Liu Linbao Ji Jinhua Hu Ying Zhao Lee J. Johnston Xiujun Zhang Xi Ma
author_sort	Chunchen Liu
title	Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
title_short	Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
title_full	Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
title_fullStr	Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
title_full_unstemmed	Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application
title_sort	functional amino acids and autophagy: diverse signal transduction and application
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/135ae9d762fd4ae7b31ff8da28cd763c
work_keys_str_mv	AT chunchenliu functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT linbaoji functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT jinhuahu functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT yingzhao functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT leejjohnston functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT xiujunzhang functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication AT xima functionalaminoacidsandautophagydiversesignaltransductionandapplication
_version_	1718432223177211904

Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application

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