Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota

ABSTRACT Bioavailable levels of trace metals, such as iron and zinc, for bacterial growth in nature are sufficiently low that most microbes have evolved high-affinity binding and transport systems. The microbe Campylobacter jejuni lives in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, the principal source...

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Autores principales:	Lindsay M. Gielda, Victor J. DiRita
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/13c6624bb2df441ebfa57fa40cb7bb9e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:13c6624bb2df441ebfa57fa40cb7bb9e2021-11-15T15:39:09ZZinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota10.1128/mBio.00171-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/13c6624bb2df441ebfa57fa40cb7bb9e2012-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00171-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bioavailable levels of trace metals, such as iron and zinc, for bacterial growth in nature are sufficiently low that most microbes have evolved high-affinity binding and transport systems. The microbe Campylobacter jejuni lives in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, the principal source of human infection. A high-affinity ABC transporter for zinc uptake is required for Campylobacter survival in chicken intestines in the presence of a normal microbiota but not when chickens are raised with a limited microbiota. Mass spectrometric analysis of cecal contents revealed the presence of numerous zinc-binding proteins in conventional chicks compared to the number in limited-microbiota chicks. The presence of a microbiota results in the production of host zinc-binding enzymes, causing a growth restriction for bacteria that lack the high-affinity zinc transporter. Such transporters in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria make them good targets for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. IMPORTANCE Zinc is an essential trace element for the growth of most organisms. Quantities of zinc inside cells are highly regulated, as too little zinc does not support growth, while too much zinc is toxic. Numerous bacterial cells require zinc uptake systems for growth and virulence. The work presented here demonstrates that the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract reduces the quantity of zinc. Without a high-affinity zinc transporter, Campylobacter jejuni, a commensal organism of chickens, is unable to replicate or colonize the gastrointestinal tract. This is the first demonstration of zinc competition between microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of a host. These results could have profound implications in the field of microbial pathogenesis and in our understanding of host metabolism and the microbiota.Lindsay M. GieldaVictor J. DiRitaAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 4 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Lindsay M. Gielda Victor J. DiRita Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
description	ABSTRACT Bioavailable levels of trace metals, such as iron and zinc, for bacterial growth in nature are sufficiently low that most microbes have evolved high-affinity binding and transport systems. The microbe Campylobacter jejuni lives in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, the principal source of human infection. A high-affinity ABC transporter for zinc uptake is required for Campylobacter survival in chicken intestines in the presence of a normal microbiota but not when chickens are raised with a limited microbiota. Mass spectrometric analysis of cecal contents revealed the presence of numerous zinc-binding proteins in conventional chicks compared to the number in limited-microbiota chicks. The presence of a microbiota results in the production of host zinc-binding enzymes, causing a growth restriction for bacteria that lack the high-affinity zinc transporter. Such transporters in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria make them good targets for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. IMPORTANCE Zinc is an essential trace element for the growth of most organisms. Quantities of zinc inside cells are highly regulated, as too little zinc does not support growth, while too much zinc is toxic. Numerous bacterial cells require zinc uptake systems for growth and virulence. The work presented here demonstrates that the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract reduces the quantity of zinc. Without a high-affinity zinc transporter, Campylobacter jejuni, a commensal organism of chickens, is unable to replicate or colonize the gastrointestinal tract. This is the first demonstration of zinc competition between microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of a host. These results could have profound implications in the field of microbial pathogenesis and in our understanding of host metabolism and the microbiota.
format	article
author	Lindsay M. Gielda Victor J. DiRita
author_facet	Lindsay M. Gielda Victor J. DiRita
author_sort	Lindsay M. Gielda
title	Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
title_short	Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
title_full	Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
title_fullStr	Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
title_full_unstemmed	Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota
title_sort	zinc competition among the intestinal microbiota
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/13c6624bb2df441ebfa57fa40cb7bb9e
work_keys_str_mv	AT lindsaymgielda zinccompetitionamongtheintestinalmicrobiota AT victorjdirita zinccompetitionamongtheintestinalmicrobiota
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Zinc Competition among the Intestinal Microbiota

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