Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential

Gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) is a powerful nontargeted screening technique that promises to accelerate the identification of environmental pollutants. Currently, most GC–HRMS instruments are equipped with electron ionization (EI), but atmospheric pressure ionization...

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Autores principales:	Xiaolei Li, Frank L. Dorman, Paul A. Helm, Sonya Kleywegt, André Simpson, Myrna J. Simpson, Karl J. Jobst
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	GC–API GC–APCI GC–APLI GC–APPI GC–MS persistent organic pollutants Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/13c8037fba7a45a3856160355de55f00
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:13c8037fba7a45a3856160355de55f00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:13c8037fba7a45a3856160355de55f002021-11-25T18:28:23ZNontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential10.3390/molecules262269111420-3049https://doaj.org/article/13c8037fba7a45a3856160355de55f002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6911https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) is a powerful nontargeted screening technique that promises to accelerate the identification of environmental pollutants. Currently, most GC–HRMS instruments are equipped with electron ionization (EI), but atmospheric pressure ionization (API) ion sources have attracted renewed interest because: (i) collisional cooling at atmospheric pressure minimizes fragmentation, resulting in an increased yield of molecular ions for elemental composition determination and improved detection limits; (ii) a wide range of sophisticated tandem (ion mobility) mass spectrometers can be easily adapted for operation with GC–API; and (iii) the conditions of an atmospheric pressure ion source can promote structure diagnostic ion–molecule reactions that are otherwise difficult to perform using conventional GC–MS instrumentation. This literature review addresses the merits of GC–API for nontargeted screening while summarizing recent applications using various GC–API techniques. One perceived drawback of GC–API is the paucity of spectral libraries that can be used to guide structure elucidation. Herein, novel data acquisition, deconvolution and spectral prediction tools will be reviewed. With continued development, it is anticipated that API may eventually supplant EI as the de facto GC–MS ion source used to identify unknowns.Xiaolei LiFrank L. DormanPaul A. HelmSonya KleywegtAndré SimpsonMyrna J. SimpsonKarl J. JobstMDPI AGarticleGC–APIGC–APCIGC–APLIGC–APPIGC–MSpersistent organic pollutantsOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6911, p 6911 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	GC–API GC–APCI GC–APLI GC–APPI GC–MS persistent organic pollutants Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	GC–API GC–APCI GC–APLI GC–APPI GC–MS persistent organic pollutants Organic chemistry QD241-441 Xiaolei Li Frank L. Dorman Paul A. Helm Sonya Kleywegt André Simpson Myrna J. Simpson Karl J. Jobst Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
description	Gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) is a powerful nontargeted screening technique that promises to accelerate the identification of environmental pollutants. Currently, most GC–HRMS instruments are equipped with electron ionization (EI), but atmospheric pressure ionization (API) ion sources have attracted renewed interest because: (i) collisional cooling at atmospheric pressure minimizes fragmentation, resulting in an increased yield of molecular ions for elemental composition determination and improved detection limits; (ii) a wide range of sophisticated tandem (ion mobility) mass spectrometers can be easily adapted for operation with GC–API; and (iii) the conditions of an atmospheric pressure ion source can promote structure diagnostic ion–molecule reactions that are otherwise difficult to perform using conventional GC–MS instrumentation. This literature review addresses the merits of GC–API for nontargeted screening while summarizing recent applications using various GC–API techniques. One perceived drawback of GC–API is the paucity of spectral libraries that can be used to guide structure elucidation. Herein, novel data acquisition, deconvolution and spectral prediction tools will be reviewed. With continued development, it is anticipated that API may eventually supplant EI as the de facto GC–MS ion source used to identify unknowns.
format	article
author	Xiaolei Li Frank L. Dorman Paul A. Helm Sonya Kleywegt André Simpson Myrna J. Simpson Karl J. Jobst
author_facet	Xiaolei Li Frank L. Dorman Paul A. Helm Sonya Kleywegt André Simpson Myrna J. Simpson Karl J. Jobst
author_sort	Xiaolei Li
title	Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
title_short	Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
title_full	Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
title_fullStr	Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
title_full_unstemmed	Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential
title_sort	nontargeted screening using gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry: recent trends and emerging potential
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/13c8037fba7a45a3856160355de55f00
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiaoleili nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT frankldorman nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT paulahelm nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT sonyakleywegt nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT andresimpson nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT myrnajsimpson nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential AT karljjobst nontargetedscreeningusinggaschromatographyatmosphericpressureionizationmassspectrometryrecenttrendsandemergingpotential
_version_	1718411059339984896

Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential

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