Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers

Background/Aim. Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plants Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense. It can be taken orally, intranasally, intravenously, by inhalation, or intragenitally. Cocaine abuse can cause subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this...

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Autores principales:	Aleksić Ivan, Džambas Jelena, Marinković Nadica, Šegrt Zoran, Nikolić Marina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN SR
Publicado:	Military Health Department, Ministry of Defance, Serbia 2021
Materias:	brain cocaine autopsy blood cerebral hemorrhage cocaine-related disorders subarachnoid hemorrhage Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/13e519bd7dcf47f791e4c47d9f95240f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:13e519bd7dcf47f791e4c47d9f95240f2021-12-01T13:00:25ZSubarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers0042-84502406-072010.2298/VSP191229034Ahttps://doaj.org/article/13e519bd7dcf47f791e4c47d9f95240f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2021/0042-84502000034A.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/0042-8450https://doaj.org/toc/2406-0720Background/Aim. Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plants Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense. It can be taken orally, intranasally, intravenously, by inhalation, or intragenitally. Cocaine abuse can cause subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to determine cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BZ) concentrations in various body fluids and organs, the frequency of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, and the relationship of concentration of cocaine and BZ in different body fluids with subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods. The study analyzed a total of 26 autopsies reports from 2005 to 2018 with detected cocaine and/or BZ in the bodies during a forensic autopsy at the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. Brain tissue was taken for histopathological analysis and blood from the femoral vein, while urine, gastric content, brain, kidney, and liver with gallbladder samples were taken for toxicological analyses. Results. There were 26 autopsied patients aged 23 to 56 years (mean age 33.77±8.52); 20 (75.92%) were men and 6 (23.08%) were women. Cocaine was found in the blood of 12 (46.15%), in the urine of 15 (57.69%), and in the brain of 8 (30.77%) autopsied patients. BZ was found in the blood of 20 (76.92%), in the urine of 21 (80.77%), and in the brain of 10 (38.46%) autopsied patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 10 (38.46%), intracerebral hemorrhage in 18 (69.23%), and both subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in 6 (23.07%) autopsied patients. Intracerebral (focal and perivascular) hemorrhage was more frequent. There were statistically significantly higher concentrations of both cocaine and BZ in most of the body fluids and organs of examinees with intracranial hemorrhage compared to examinees without hemorrhage. Conclusion. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage were frequent findings in autopsied cocaine abusers. The correlation between subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage and cocaine concentrations in blood was moderate. There were strong correlation between subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage and BZ concentrations in almost all the samples.Aleksić IvanDžambas JelenaMarinković NadicaŠegrt ZoranNikolić MarinaMilitary Health Department, Ministry of Defance, Serbiaarticlebraincocaineautopsybloodcerebral hemorrhagecocaine-related disorderssubarachnoid hemorrhageMedicine (General)R5-920ENSRVojnosanitetski Pregled, Vol 78, Iss 11, Pp 1166-1172 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN SR
topic	brain cocaine autopsy blood cerebral hemorrhage cocaine-related disorders subarachnoid hemorrhage Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	brain cocaine autopsy blood cerebral hemorrhage cocaine-related disorders subarachnoid hemorrhage Medicine (General) R5-920 Aleksić Ivan Džambas Jelena Marinković Nadica Šegrt Zoran Nikolić Marina Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
description	Background/Aim. Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plants Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense. It can be taken orally, intranasally, intravenously, by inhalation, or intragenitally. Cocaine abuse can cause subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to determine cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BZ) concentrations in various body fluids and organs, the frequency of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, and the relationship of concentration of cocaine and BZ in different body fluids with subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods. The study analyzed a total of 26 autopsies reports from 2005 to 2018 with detected cocaine and/or BZ in the bodies during a forensic autopsy at the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. Brain tissue was taken for histopathological analysis and blood from the femoral vein, while urine, gastric content, brain, kidney, and liver with gallbladder samples were taken for toxicological analyses. Results. There were 26 autopsied patients aged 23 to 56 years (mean age 33.77±8.52); 20 (75.92%) were men and 6 (23.08%) were women. Cocaine was found in the blood of 12 (46.15%), in the urine of 15 (57.69%), and in the brain of 8 (30.77%) autopsied patients. BZ was found in the blood of 20 (76.92%), in the urine of 21 (80.77%), and in the brain of 10 (38.46%) autopsied patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 10 (38.46%), intracerebral hemorrhage in 18 (69.23%), and both subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in 6 (23.07%) autopsied patients. Intracerebral (focal and perivascular) hemorrhage was more frequent. There were statistically significantly higher concentrations of both cocaine and BZ in most of the body fluids and organs of examinees with intracranial hemorrhage compared to examinees without hemorrhage. Conclusion. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage were frequent findings in autopsied cocaine abusers. The correlation between subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage and cocaine concentrations in blood was moderate. There were strong correlation between subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage and BZ concentrations in almost all the samples.
format	article
author	Aleksić Ivan Džambas Jelena Marinković Nadica Šegrt Zoran Nikolić Marina
author_facet	Aleksić Ivan Džambas Jelena Marinković Nadica Šegrt Zoran Nikolić Marina
author_sort	Aleksić Ivan
title	Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
title_short	Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
title_full	Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
title_fullStr	Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
title_full_unstemmed	Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
title_sort	subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers
publisher	Military Health Department, Ministry of Defance, Serbia
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/13e519bd7dcf47f791e4c47d9f95240f
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Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine abusers

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