Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems

In blueberry plantings, nitrification can result in losses of mineral nitrogen (N) through leaching because blueberries prefer ammonium (NH4+) over nitrate (NO3−). The objective of this study was to assess th...

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Autores principales:	Aimé J. Messiga, Sylvia Nyamaizi, Shaobing Yu, Martine Dorais
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ammonium buried drip lines leaching nitrate sawdust mulch suspended drip lines Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/13ee70a1bf044e538787e65296577670
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:13ee70a1bf044e538787e652965776702021-11-25T16:04:10ZBlueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems10.3390/agronomy111121442073-4395https://doaj.org/article/13ee70a1bf044e538787e652965776702021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2144https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395In blueberry plantings, nitrification can result in losses of mineral nitrogen (N) through leaching because blueberries prefer ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) over nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two rates of N fertilizer, mixed or not with nitrification inhibitors (NI) and applied through two fertigation systems, on berry yield and the concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N along the soil profile. Thus, nine combinations of treatments including two N fertilizer rates (60 and 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), two NI (with DCD + Nitra-pyrin or without) and two fertigation application methods (buried and suspended drip lines) and a control (0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) were tested over three years (2016–2018) in a long-term blueberry planting. Berry yield was on average 47.32 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2016 and 26.86 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2018. In 2017, berry yield varied between 8.60 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> under the control and 11.66 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> with 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> applied through suspended drip lines. Low berry yield in 2017 was due to a heavy pruning to rejuvenate the plants. In 2016, the concentration of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N in the sawdust mulch layer varied between 13.1 and 27.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the spring, 11.4 and 32.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the summer, and 7.9 and 72.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the fall; the concentration of high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N along the soil profile did not exceed 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. High concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N in the sawdust mulch layer were associated with NI, but did not translate to high berry yields. The concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N in the soil profile reached 42.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the summer and 39.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the fall and these high concentrations were associated with NI. In 2017 and 2018, there was no effect of NI on NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentrations even in the layer of sawdust mulch which was not consistent with the results obtained in 2016. High concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N were measured beneath the sawdust mulch layer with treatments including N fertilizer alone or mixed with NI. It is possible that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> retained in the layer of sawdust mulch and not taken up by plant roots was subsequently oxidized to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> at the end of the residence time of NI in the soil. Our results showed that high concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N along the soil profile occurred mainly during the summer which could be explained by irrigation water driving NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> leaching.Aimé J. MessigaSylvia NyamaiziShaobing YuMartine DoraisMDPI AGarticleammoniumburied drip linesleachingnitratesawdust mulchsuspended drip linesAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2144, p 2144 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ammonium buried drip lines leaching nitrate sawdust mulch suspended drip lines Agriculture S
spellingShingle	ammonium buried drip lines leaching nitrate sawdust mulch suspended drip lines Agriculture S Aimé J. Messiga Sylvia Nyamaizi Shaobing Yu Martine Dorais Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
description	In blueberry plantings, nitrification can result in losses of mineral nitrogen (N) through leaching because blueberries prefer ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) over nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two rates of N fertilizer, mixed or not with nitrification inhibitors (NI) and applied through two fertigation systems, on berry yield and the concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N along the soil profile. Thus, nine combinations of treatments including two N fertilizer rates (60 and 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), two NI (with DCD + Nitra-pyrin or without) and two fertigation application methods (buried and suspended drip lines) and a control (0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) were tested over three years (2016–2018) in a long-term blueberry planting. Berry yield was on average 47.32 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2016 and 26.86 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2018. In 2017, berry yield varied between 8.60 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> under the control and 11.66 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> with 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> applied through suspended drip lines. Low berry yield in 2017 was due to a heavy pruning to rejuvenate the plants. In 2016, the concentration of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N in the sawdust mulch layer varied between 13.1 and 27.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the spring, 11.4 and 32.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the summer, and 7.9 and 72.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the fall; the concentration of high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N along the soil profile did not exceed 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. High concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N in the sawdust mulch layer were associated with NI, but did not translate to high berry yields. The concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N in the soil profile reached 42.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the summer and 39.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the fall and these high concentrations were associated with NI. In 2017 and 2018, there was no effect of NI on NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentrations even in the layer of sawdust mulch which was not consistent with the results obtained in 2016. High concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N were measured beneath the sawdust mulch layer with treatments including N fertilizer alone or mixed with NI. It is possible that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> retained in the layer of sawdust mulch and not taken up by plant roots was subsequently oxidized to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> at the end of the residence time of NI in the soil. Our results showed that high concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N along the soil profile occurred mainly during the summer which could be explained by irrigation water driving NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> leaching.
format	article
author	Aimé J. Messiga Sylvia Nyamaizi Shaobing Yu Martine Dorais
author_facet	Aimé J. Messiga Sylvia Nyamaizi Shaobing Yu Martine Dorais
author_sort	Aimé J. Messiga
title	Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
title_short	Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
title_full	Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
title_fullStr	Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems
title_sort	blueberry yield and soil mineral nitrogen response to nitrogen fertilizer and nitrification inhibitors under drip-fertigation systems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/13ee70a1bf044e538787e65296577670
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Blueberry Yield and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors under Drip-Fertigation Systems

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