Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid

Postnatal ocular growth is regulated by a vision-dependent mechanism that acts to minimize refractive error through coordinated growth of the ocular tissues. Of great interest is the identification of the chemical signals that control visually guided ocular growth. Here, we provide evidence that the...

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Autores principales:	Jody A Summers, Elizabeth Martinez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2021
Materias:	emmetropization choroid myopia IL-6 recovery Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/140946686d034b9f90488f9e501013cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:140946686d034b9f90488f9e501013cd2021-11-24T16:14:55ZVisually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid10.7554/eLife.706082050-084Xe70608https://doaj.org/article/140946686d034b9f90488f9e501013cd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/70608https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084XPostnatal ocular growth is regulated by a vision-dependent mechanism that acts to minimize refractive error through coordinated growth of the ocular tissues. Of great interest is the identification of the chemical signals that control visually guided ocular growth. Here, we provide evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), may play a pivotal role in the control of ocular growth using a chicken model of myopia. Microarray, real-time RT-qPCR, and ELISA analyses identified IL-6 upregulation in the choroids of chick eyes under two visual conditions that introduce myopic defocus and slow the rate of ocular elongation (recovery from induced myopia and compensation for positive lenses). Intraocular administration of atropine, an agent known to slow ocular elongation, also resulted in an increase in choroidal IL-6 gene expression. Nitric oxide appears to directly or indirectly upregulate choroidal IL-6 gene expression, as administration of the non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, inhibited choroidal IL-6 gene expression, and application of a nitric oxide donor stimulated IL-6 gene and protein expression in isolated chick choroids. Considering the pleiotropic nature of IL-6 and its involvement in many biological processes, these results suggest that IL-6 may mediate many aspects of the choroidal response in the control of ocular growth.Jody A SummersElizabeth MartinezeLife Sciences Publications LtdarticleemmetropizationchoroidmyopiaIL-6recoveryMedicineRScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENeLife, Vol 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	emmetropization choroid myopia IL-6 recovery Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	emmetropization choroid myopia IL-6 recovery Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jody A Summers Elizabeth Martinez Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
description	Postnatal ocular growth is regulated by a vision-dependent mechanism that acts to minimize refractive error through coordinated growth of the ocular tissues. Of great interest is the identification of the chemical signals that control visually guided ocular growth. Here, we provide evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), may play a pivotal role in the control of ocular growth using a chicken model of myopia. Microarray, real-time RT-qPCR, and ELISA analyses identified IL-6 upregulation in the choroids of chick eyes under two visual conditions that introduce myopic defocus and slow the rate of ocular elongation (recovery from induced myopia and compensation for positive lenses). Intraocular administration of atropine, an agent known to slow ocular elongation, also resulted in an increase in choroidal IL-6 gene expression. Nitric oxide appears to directly or indirectly upregulate choroidal IL-6 gene expression, as administration of the non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, inhibited choroidal IL-6 gene expression, and application of a nitric oxide donor stimulated IL-6 gene and protein expression in isolated chick choroids. Considering the pleiotropic nature of IL-6 and its involvement in many biological processes, these results suggest that IL-6 may mediate many aspects of the choroidal response in the control of ocular growth.
format	article
author	Jody A Summers Elizabeth Martinez
author_facet	Jody A Summers Elizabeth Martinez
author_sort	Jody A Summers
title	Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
title_short	Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
title_full	Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
title_fullStr	Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
title_full_unstemmed	Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
title_sort	visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid
publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/140946686d034b9f90488f9e501013cd
work_keys_str_mv	AT jodyasummers visuallyinducedchangesincytokineproductioninthechickchoroid AT elizabethmartinez visuallyinducedchangesincytokineproductioninthechickchoroid
_version_	1718414737496080384

Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid

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