Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus

Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its co...

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Autores principales:	Dimitrios Kontogiannatos, Georgios Koutrotsios, Savvina Xekalaki, Georgios I. Zervakis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> functional food nutraceuticals medicinal mushroom cordycepin Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/140dc92483c84f8cb63b454dda519157
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:140dc92483c84f8cb63b454dda5191572021-11-25T18:06:34ZBiomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus10.3390/jof71109862309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/140dc92483c84f8cb63b454dda5191572021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/986https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>. <i>C. militaris</i> has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of <i>C. militaris</i> and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by <i>C. militaris</i> are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in <i>C. militaris</i> are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in <i>C. militaris</i> functional biology studies are discussed.Dimitrios KontogiannatosGeorgios KoutrotsiosSavvina XekalakiGeorgios I. ZervakisMDPI AGarticle<i>Cordyceps militaris</i><i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>functional foodnutraceuticalsmedicinal mushroomcordycepinBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 986, p 986 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> functional food nutraceuticals medicinal mushroom cordycepin Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> functional food nutraceuticals medicinal mushroom cordycepin Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Dimitrios Kontogiannatos Georgios Koutrotsios Savvina Xekalaki Georgios I. Zervakis Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
description	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>. <i>C. militaris</i> has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of <i>C. militaris</i> and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by <i>C. militaris</i> are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in <i>C. militaris</i> are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in <i>C. militaris</i> functional biology studies are discussed.
format	article
author	Dimitrios Kontogiannatos Georgios Koutrotsios Savvina Xekalaki Georgios I. Zervakis
author_facet	Dimitrios Kontogiannatos Georgios Koutrotsios Savvina Xekalaki Georgios I. Zervakis
author_sort	Dimitrios Kontogiannatos
title	Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
title_short	Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
title_full	Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
title_fullStr	Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
title_full_unstemmed	Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus
title_sort	biomass and cordycepin production by the medicinal mushroom <i>cordyceps militaris</i>—a review of various aspects and recent trends towards the exploitation of a valuable fungus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/140dc92483c84f8cb63b454dda519157
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Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus

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