Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock

Abstract The hydrothermal liquefaction reactions (HTL) in subcritical conditions of a lignin residue has been studied on a lab scale. The starting material was a lignin rich residue co-produced by an industrial plant situated in Northern Italy producing lignocellulosic bioethanol. The reactions were...

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Autores principales: Benedetta Ciuffi, Massimiliano Loppi, Andrea Maria Rizzo, David Chiaramonti, Luca Rosi
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/1434e6af824a43058fb9d21f8929b1f7
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:1434e6af824a43058fb9d21f8929b1f72021-12-02T16:06:45ZTowards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock10.1038/s41598-021-94977-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1434e6af824a43058fb9d21f8929b1f72021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94977-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The hydrothermal liquefaction reactions (HTL) in subcritical conditions of a lignin residue has been studied on a lab scale. The starting material was a lignin rich residue co-produced by an industrial plant situated in Northern Italy producing lignocellulosic bioethanol. The reactions were carried out in batch mode using stainless steel autoclaves. The experiments were under the following operating conditions: two different temperatures (300–350 °C), the presence of basis catalysts (NaOH, and NH4OH) in different concentrations and the presence/absence of capping agent 2,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT). Lignin residue and reaction products were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as CHN-S, TGA, GC–MS, EPR, and 1H-NMR with (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (T.E.M.P.O.). The addition of BHT did not significantly affect the yield of char which is formed by radical way. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the level of radicals during the reaction was negligible. Therefore, the results obtained experimentally suggest that the reaction takes place via an ionic route while radical species would play a minor role.Benedetta CiuffiMassimiliano LoppiAndrea Maria RizzoDavid ChiaramontiLuca RosiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Benedetta Ciuffi
Massimiliano Loppi
Andrea Maria Rizzo
David Chiaramonti
Luca Rosi
Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
description Abstract The hydrothermal liquefaction reactions (HTL) in subcritical conditions of a lignin residue has been studied on a lab scale. The starting material was a lignin rich residue co-produced by an industrial plant situated in Northern Italy producing lignocellulosic bioethanol. The reactions were carried out in batch mode using stainless steel autoclaves. The experiments were under the following operating conditions: two different temperatures (300–350 °C), the presence of basis catalysts (NaOH, and NH4OH) in different concentrations and the presence/absence of capping agent 2,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT). Lignin residue and reaction products were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as CHN-S, TGA, GC–MS, EPR, and 1H-NMR with (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (T.E.M.P.O.). The addition of BHT did not significantly affect the yield of char which is formed by radical way. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the level of radicals during the reaction was negligible. Therefore, the results obtained experimentally suggest that the reaction takes place via an ionic route while radical species would play a minor role.
format article
author Benedetta Ciuffi
Massimiliano Loppi
Andrea Maria Rizzo
David Chiaramonti
Luca Rosi
author_facet Benedetta Ciuffi
Massimiliano Loppi
Andrea Maria Rizzo
David Chiaramonti
Luca Rosi
author_sort Benedetta Ciuffi
title Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
title_short Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
title_full Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
title_fullStr Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
title_full_unstemmed Towards a better understanding of the HTL process of lignin-rich feedstock
title_sort towards a better understanding of the htl process of lignin-rich feedstock
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/1434e6af824a43058fb9d21f8929b1f7
work_keys_str_mv AT benedettaciuffi towardsabetterunderstandingofthehtlprocessofligninrichfeedstock
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AT davidchiaramonti towardsabetterunderstandingofthehtlprocessofligninrichfeedstock
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