Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression

The most appropriate surface treatment to enhance gingival connective tissue formation on the abutment of dental implants remains undefined, with healing associated with a scar-like response. We have previously shown that topographies with an arithmetic average of the absolute profile height deviati...

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Autores principales:	Hong Li, Chengyu Guo, Yuchen Zhou, Hao Sun, Robin Hong, Douglas William Hamilton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	titanium surface roughness gingiva fibrosis adhesion stability myofibroblasts Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1438656c63f24bdba008024a30688420
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1438656c63f24bdba008024a306884202021-11-11T18:01:27ZTitanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression10.3390/ma142164471996-1944https://doaj.org/article/1438656c63f24bdba008024a306884202021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6447https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The most appropriate surface treatment to enhance gingival connective tissue formation on the abutment of dental implants remains undefined, with healing associated with a scar-like response. We have previously shown that topographies with an arithmetic average of the absolute profile height deviations (R<sub>a</sub>) = 4.0 induces an anti-fibrotic phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by causing nascent adhesion formation. With bacterial colonization considerations, we hypothesized that a lower R<sub>a</sub> could be identified that would alter adhesion stability and promote a matrix remodeling phenotype. Focal adhesions (FAs) area decreased with increasing roughness, although no differences in cell attachment or proliferation were observed. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels were significantly reduced on R<sub>a</sub> = 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with incorporation of α-SMA into stress fibers most prominent on R<sub>a</sub> = 0.1. Fibronectin protein levels were reduced on 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and R<sub>a</sub> = 1.5 and deeper significantly altered fibronectin deposition. Addition of exogenous TGF-β3 increased HGF adhesion size on 0.1 surfaces, but not on any other topography. We conclude that R<sub>a</sub> = 1.5 is sufficient to reduce adhesion size and inhibit α-SMA incorporation into stress fibers in HGFs, but 3.0 is required in the presence of exogenous TGF-β3. Our findings have implications for inhibiting fibrotic tissue formation surrounding percutaneous devices such as dental implants.Hong LiChengyu GuoYuchen ZhouHao SunRobin HongDouglas William HamiltonMDPI AGarticletitanium surface roughnessgingivafibrosisadhesion stabilitymyofibroblastsTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6447, p 6447 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	titanium surface roughness gingiva fibrosis adhesion stability myofibroblasts Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	titanium surface roughness gingiva fibrosis adhesion stability myofibroblasts Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Hong Li Chengyu Guo Yuchen Zhou Hao Sun Robin Hong Douglas William Hamilton Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
description	The most appropriate surface treatment to enhance gingival connective tissue formation on the abutment of dental implants remains undefined, with healing associated with a scar-like response. We have previously shown that topographies with an arithmetic average of the absolute profile height deviations (R<sub>a</sub>) = 4.0 induces an anti-fibrotic phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by causing nascent adhesion formation. With bacterial colonization considerations, we hypothesized that a lower R<sub>a</sub> could be identified that would alter adhesion stability and promote a matrix remodeling phenotype. Focal adhesions (FAs) area decreased with increasing roughness, although no differences in cell attachment or proliferation were observed. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels were significantly reduced on R<sub>a</sub> = 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with incorporation of α-SMA into stress fibers most prominent on R<sub>a</sub> = 0.1. Fibronectin protein levels were reduced on 3.0 and 4.0 vs. 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and R<sub>a</sub> = 1.5 and deeper significantly altered fibronectin deposition. Addition of exogenous TGF-β3 increased HGF adhesion size on 0.1 surfaces, but not on any other topography. We conclude that R<sub>a</sub> = 1.5 is sufficient to reduce adhesion size and inhibit α-SMA incorporation into stress fibers in HGFs, but 3.0 is required in the presence of exogenous TGF-β3. Our findings have implications for inhibiting fibrotic tissue formation surrounding percutaneous devices such as dental implants.
format	article
author	Hong Li Chengyu Guo Yuchen Zhou Hao Sun Robin Hong Douglas William Hamilton
author_facet	Hong Li Chengyu Guo Yuchen Zhou Hao Sun Robin Hong Douglas William Hamilton
author_sort	Hong Li
title	Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
title_short	Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
title_full	Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
title_fullStr	Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
title_full_unstemmed	Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression
title_sort	titanium substratum roughness as a determinant of human gingival fibroblast fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expression
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1438656c63f24bdba008024a30688420
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Titanium Substratum Roughness as a Determinant of Human Gingival Fibroblast Fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression

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