Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS

The possible presence of contaminants, pesticide residues and mycotoxins, in agricultural commodities is a critical issue for food safety, causing great concern. In this work, a simple and rapid analytical method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for t...

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Autores principales:	Natasa P. Kalogiouri, Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis, Maria G. Maggalou, George S. Karaoglanidis, Victoria F. Samanidou, Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mycotoxins pesticides microwave-assisted extraction LC-MS/MS Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/14a23661e3654f0786bc275e0007f25a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:14a23661e3654f0786bc275e0007f25a2021-11-25T16:41:17ZDevelopment of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS10.3390/app1122109312076-3417https://doaj.org/article/14a23661e3654f0786bc275e0007f25a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10931https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417The possible presence of contaminants, pesticide residues and mycotoxins, in agricultural commodities is a critical issue for food safety, causing great concern. In this work, a simple and rapid analytical method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in apples. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for sample preparation. The MAE protocol was optimized after evaluating the effects of the following extraction parameters: (a) extraction solvent, (b) acidic environment, (c) temperature, and (d) extraction time. The multiresidue MAE-LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, accuracy (bias and precision), limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), and matrix effect. The validation of the method was carried out according to the SANTE/12682/2019 document. The method demonstrated good linearity with R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.99, acceptable accuracy in the recovery rate range 70–116%, acceptable interassay precision with RSD% ≤ 20, and low LODs and LOQs in the ranges 0.005–0.015 μg/g and 0.01–0.03 μg/g, respectively. Matrix effects were observed only for the 25% of the analytes. The performance of the MAE-LC-MS/MS method was compared to that of the QuEChERS sample preparation method, and the MAE-LC-MS/MS method proved to be rapid and effective.Natasa P. KalogiouriEmmanouil-Nikolaos PapadakisMaria G. MaggalouGeorge S. KaraoglanidisVictoria F. SamanidouUrania Menkissoglu-SpiroudiMDPI AGarticlemycotoxinspesticidesmicrowave-assisted extractionLC-MS/MSTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10931, p 10931 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mycotoxins pesticides microwave-assisted extraction LC-MS/MS Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	mycotoxins pesticides microwave-assisted extraction LC-MS/MS Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Natasa P. Kalogiouri Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Maria G. Maggalou George S. Karaoglanidis Victoria F. Samanidou Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
description	The possible presence of contaminants, pesticide residues and mycotoxins, in agricultural commodities is a critical issue for food safety, causing great concern. In this work, a simple and rapid analytical method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in apples. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for sample preparation. The MAE protocol was optimized after evaluating the effects of the following extraction parameters: (a) extraction solvent, (b) acidic environment, (c) temperature, and (d) extraction time. The multiresidue MAE-LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, accuracy (bias and precision), limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), and matrix effect. The validation of the method was carried out according to the SANTE/12682/2019 document. The method demonstrated good linearity with R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.99, acceptable accuracy in the recovery rate range 70–116%, acceptable interassay precision with RSD% ≤ 20, and low LODs and LOQs in the ranges 0.005–0.015 μg/g and 0.01–0.03 μg/g, respectively. Matrix effects were observed only for the 25% of the analytes. The performance of the MAE-LC-MS/MS method was compared to that of the QuEChERS sample preparation method, and the MAE-LC-MS/MS method proved to be rapid and effective.
format	article
author	Natasa P. Kalogiouri Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Maria G. Maggalou George S. Karaoglanidis Victoria F. Samanidou Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
author_facet	Natasa P. Kalogiouri Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Maria G. Maggalou George S. Karaoglanidis Victoria F. Samanidou Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
author_sort	Natasa P. Kalogiouri
title	Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
title_short	Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
title_full	Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
title_fullStr	Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS
title_sort	development of a microwave-assisted extraction protocol for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and pesticide residues in apples by lc-ms/ms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/14a23661e3654f0786bc275e0007f25a
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Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Protocol for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Pesticide Residues in Apples by LC-MS/MS

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