Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC

Image-guided locoregional therapies (LRTs) are a crucial asset in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has proven to be characterized by an impaired antitumor immune status. LRTs not only directly destroy tumor cells but also have an immunomodulating role, altering the tumor microe...

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Autores principales:	Pierpaolo Biondetti, Lorenzo Saggiante, Anna Maria Ierardi, Massimo Iavarone, Angelo Sangiovanni, Filippo Pesapane, Enrico Maria Fumarola, Pietro Lampertico, Gianpaolo Carrafiello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC tumor immunology locoregional therapy ablation radiofrequency Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1503558610a84007b66bee0614ba20db
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1503558610a84007b66bee0614ba20db2021-11-25T17:04:04ZInterventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC10.3390/cancers132257972072-6694https://doaj.org/article/1503558610a84007b66bee0614ba20db2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5797https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Image-guided locoregional therapies (LRTs) are a crucial asset in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has proven to be characterized by an impaired antitumor immune status. LRTs not only directly destroy tumor cells but also have an immunomodulating role, altering the tumor microenvironment with potential systemic effects. Nevertheless, the immune activation against HCC induced by LRTs is not strong enough on its own to generate a systemic significant antitumor response, and it is incapable of preventing tumor recurrence. Currently, there is great interest in the possibility of combining LRTs with immunotherapy for HCC, as this combination may result in a mutually beneficial and synergistic relationship. On the one hand, immunotherapy could amplify and prolong the antitumoral immune response of LRTs, reducing recurrence cases and improving outcome. On the other hand, LTRs counteract the typical immunosuppressive HCC microenvironment and status and could therefore enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, after reviewing the current therapeutic options for HCC, we focus on LRTs, describing for each of them the technique and data on its effect on the immune system. Then, we describe the current status of immunotherapy and finally report the recently published and ongoing clinical studies testing this combination.Pierpaolo BiondettiLorenzo SaggianteAnna Maria IerardiMassimo IavaroneAngelo SangiovanniFilippo PesapaneEnrico Maria FumarolaPietro LamperticoGianpaolo CarrafielloMDPI AGarticlehepatocellular carcinomaHCCtumor immunologylocoregional therapyablationradiofrequencyNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5797, p 5797 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC tumor immunology locoregional therapy ablation radiofrequency Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	hepatocellular carcinoma HCC tumor immunology locoregional therapy ablation radiofrequency Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Pierpaolo Biondetti Lorenzo Saggiante Anna Maria Ierardi Massimo Iavarone Angelo Sangiovanni Filippo Pesapane Enrico Maria Fumarola Pietro Lampertico Gianpaolo Carrafiello Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
description	Image-guided locoregional therapies (LRTs) are a crucial asset in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has proven to be characterized by an impaired antitumor immune status. LRTs not only directly destroy tumor cells but also have an immunomodulating role, altering the tumor microenvironment with potential systemic effects. Nevertheless, the immune activation against HCC induced by LRTs is not strong enough on its own to generate a systemic significant antitumor response, and it is incapable of preventing tumor recurrence. Currently, there is great interest in the possibility of combining LRTs with immunotherapy for HCC, as this combination may result in a mutually beneficial and synergistic relationship. On the one hand, immunotherapy could amplify and prolong the antitumoral immune response of LRTs, reducing recurrence cases and improving outcome. On the other hand, LTRs counteract the typical immunosuppressive HCC microenvironment and status and could therefore enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, after reviewing the current therapeutic options for HCC, we focus on LRTs, describing for each of them the technique and data on its effect on the immune system. Then, we describe the current status of immunotherapy and finally report the recently published and ongoing clinical studies testing this combination.
format	article
author	Pierpaolo Biondetti Lorenzo Saggiante Anna Maria Ierardi Massimo Iavarone Angelo Sangiovanni Filippo Pesapane Enrico Maria Fumarola Pietro Lampertico Gianpaolo Carrafiello
author_facet	Pierpaolo Biondetti Lorenzo Saggiante Anna Maria Ierardi Massimo Iavarone Angelo Sangiovanni Filippo Pesapane Enrico Maria Fumarola Pietro Lampertico Gianpaolo Carrafiello
author_sort	Pierpaolo Biondetti
title	Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
title_short	Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
title_full	Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
title_fullStr	Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
title_full_unstemmed	Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC
title_sort	interventional radiology image-guided locoregional therapies (lrts) and immunotherapy for the treatment of hcc
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1503558610a84007b66bee0614ba20db
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Interventional Radiology Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies (LRTs) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of HCC

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