Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998

In this paper, using a 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulation, we investigate the propagation and interaction of the three halo CMEs originating from the same active region during 4–5 November 1998 from the Sun to Earth. Firstly, we try to reproduce the observed basic features near Earth...

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Autores principales:	Yufen Zhou, Xueshang Feng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	MHD numerical simulation CME propagation CME–CME interaction Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1523f80089ca46b7b4a76e6ad71e344d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1523f80089ca46b7b4a76e6ad71e344d2021-11-25T19:09:43ZThree-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 199810.3390/universe71104312218-1997https://doaj.org/article/1523f80089ca46b7b4a76e6ad71e344d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/431https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1997In this paper, using a 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulation, we investigate the propagation and interaction of the three halo CMEs originating from the same active region during 4–5 November 1998 from the Sun to Earth. Firstly, we try to reproduce the observed basic features near Earth by a simple spherical plasmoid model. We find that the first component of the compound stream at 1 AU is associated to the first CME of the three halo CMEs. During the propagation in the interplanetary space, the third CME overtakes the second one. The two CMEs merge to a new, larger entity with complex internal structure. The magnetic field of the first CME in the three successive CMEs event is compressed by the following complex ejecta. The interaction between the second and third CME results in the deceleration of the third CME and the enhancement of the density, total magnetic field and south component of the magnetic field. In addition we study the contribution of a single CME to the final simulation results, as well as the effect of the CME–CME interactions on the propagation of an isolated CME and multiple CMEs. This is achieved by analysing a single CME with or without the presence of the preceding CMEs. Our results show that the CME moves faster in a less dense, faster medium generated by the interaction of the preceding CME with the ambient medium. In addition, we show that the CME–CME interactions can greatly alter the kinematics and magnetic structures of the individual events.Yufen ZhouXueshang FengMDPI AGarticleMHD numerical simulationCME propagationCME–CME interactionElementary particle physicsQC793-793.5ENUniverse, Vol 7, Iss 431, p 431 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	MHD numerical simulation CME propagation CME–CME interaction Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
spellingShingle	MHD numerical simulation CME propagation CME–CME interaction Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5 Yufen Zhou Xueshang Feng Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
description	In this paper, using a 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulation, we investigate the propagation and interaction of the three halo CMEs originating from the same active region during 4–5 November 1998 from the Sun to Earth. Firstly, we try to reproduce the observed basic features near Earth by a simple spherical plasmoid model. We find that the first component of the compound stream at 1 AU is associated to the first CME of the three halo CMEs. During the propagation in the interplanetary space, the third CME overtakes the second one. The two CMEs merge to a new, larger entity with complex internal structure. The magnetic field of the first CME in the three successive CMEs event is compressed by the following complex ejecta. The interaction between the second and third CME results in the deceleration of the third CME and the enhancement of the density, total magnetic field and south component of the magnetic field. In addition we study the contribution of a single CME to the final simulation results, as well as the effect of the CME–CME interactions on the propagation of an isolated CME and multiple CMEs. This is achieved by analysing a single CME with or without the presence of the preceding CMEs. Our results show that the CME moves faster in a less dense, faster medium generated by the interaction of the preceding CME with the ambient medium. In addition, we show that the CME–CME interactions can greatly alter the kinematics and magnetic structures of the individual events.
format	article
author	Yufen Zhou Xueshang Feng
author_facet	Yufen Zhou Xueshang Feng
author_sort	Yufen Zhou
title	Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
title_short	Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
title_full	Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
title_fullStr	Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
title_full_unstemmed	Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998
title_sort	three-dimensional simulation study of the interactions of three successive cmes during 4–5 november 1998
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1523f80089ca46b7b4a76e6ad71e344d
work_keys_str_mv	AT yufenzhou threedimensionalsimulationstudyoftheinteractionsofthreesuccessivecmesduring45november1998 AT xueshangfeng threedimensionalsimulationstudyoftheinteractionsofthreesuccessivecmesduring45november1998
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Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of the Interactions of Three Successive CMEs during 4–5 November 1998

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