Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for additional autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A large amount of research reveals deficits in emotion-related processes that are relevant to social cognition in ASD. However, studies on the structure and level of emotional development (ED) a...

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Autores principales:	Tanja Sappok, Jan Budczies, Sven Bölte, Isabel Dziobek, Anton Dosen, Albert Diefenbacher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/153367cce68a4329af786639381ecbce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:153367cce68a4329af786639381ecbce2021-11-18T08:55:09ZEmotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0074036https://doaj.org/article/153367cce68a4329af786639381ecbce2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24066092/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for additional autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A large amount of research reveals deficits in emotion-related processes that are relevant to social cognition in ASD. However, studies on the structure and level of emotional development (ED) assessing emotional maturity according to the normative trajectory in typically developing children are scares. The level of ED can be evaluated by the 'Scheme of Appraisal of Emotional Development' (SAED), a semi-structured interview with a close caregiver. The SAED assesses the level of emotional developmental based on a five stage system in 10 domains, for example, 'interaction with peers' or 'object permanence', which are conducive to the overall emotional developmental level. This study examined the ED as measured by the SAED in 289 adults (mean age: 36 years) with ID with and without additional ASD. A lower level in ED was observed in ASD/ID combined that corresponded to the ED of typically developing children aged 1.5-3 years versus an ED with a corresponding age of 3-7 years in ID individuals without ASD. Moreover, distinct strengths in 'object permanence', and weaknesses in 'interaction', 'verbal communication', 'experience of self', 'affect differentiation', 'anxiety', and 'handling of material objects' led to a characteristic pattern of ED in ASD. SAED domains with highest discriminative power between ID individuals with and without ASD (5/10) were used to predict ASD group membership. The classification using a selection of SAED domains revealed a sensitivity of 77.5% and a specificity of 76.4%. ASD risk increased 2.7-fold with every SAED level. The recognition of delayed and uneven pattern of ED contributes to our understanding of the emotion-related impairments in adults with ID and ASD these individuals. Assessment of intra-individual ED could add value to the standard diagnostic procedures in ID, a population at risk for underdiagnosed ASD.Tanja SappokJan BudcziesSven BölteIsabel DziobekAnton DosenAlbert DiefenbacherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e74036 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tanja Sappok Jan Budczies Sven Bölte Isabel Dziobek Anton Dosen Albert Diefenbacher Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
description	Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for additional autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A large amount of research reveals deficits in emotion-related processes that are relevant to social cognition in ASD. However, studies on the structure and level of emotional development (ED) assessing emotional maturity according to the normative trajectory in typically developing children are scares. The level of ED can be evaluated by the 'Scheme of Appraisal of Emotional Development' (SAED), a semi-structured interview with a close caregiver. The SAED assesses the level of emotional developmental based on a five stage system in 10 domains, for example, 'interaction with peers' or 'object permanence', which are conducive to the overall emotional developmental level. This study examined the ED as measured by the SAED in 289 adults (mean age: 36 years) with ID with and without additional ASD. A lower level in ED was observed in ASD/ID combined that corresponded to the ED of typically developing children aged 1.5-3 years versus an ED with a corresponding age of 3-7 years in ID individuals without ASD. Moreover, distinct strengths in 'object permanence', and weaknesses in 'interaction', 'verbal communication', 'experience of self', 'affect differentiation', 'anxiety', and 'handling of material objects' led to a characteristic pattern of ED in ASD. SAED domains with highest discriminative power between ID individuals with and without ASD (5/10) were used to predict ASD group membership. The classification using a selection of SAED domains revealed a sensitivity of 77.5% and a specificity of 76.4%. ASD risk increased 2.7-fold with every SAED level. The recognition of delayed and uneven pattern of ED contributes to our understanding of the emotion-related impairments in adults with ID and ASD these individuals. Assessment of intra-individual ED could add value to the standard diagnostic procedures in ID, a population at risk for underdiagnosed ASD.
format	article
author	Tanja Sappok Jan Budczies Sven Bölte Isabel Dziobek Anton Dosen Albert Diefenbacher
author_facet	Tanja Sappok Jan Budczies Sven Bölte Isabel Dziobek Anton Dosen Albert Diefenbacher
author_sort	Tanja Sappok
title	Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
title_short	Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
title_full	Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
title_fullStr	Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
title_sort	emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/153367cce68a4329af786639381ecbce
work_keys_str_mv	AT tanjasappok emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis AT janbudczies emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis AT svenbolte emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis AT isabeldziobek emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis AT antondosen emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis AT albertdiefenbacher emotionaldevelopmentinadultswithautismandintellectualdisabilitiesaretrospectiveclinicalanalysis
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Emotional development in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: a retrospective, clinical analysis.

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