Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex

Abstract Studying parallel evolution (repeated, independent evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments) is a powerful tool to understand environment‐dependent selective forces. Surface‐dwelling species that repeatedly and independently colonized caves provide unique models for such stud...

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Autores principales:	Gergely Balázs, Anna Biró, Žiga Fišer, Cene Fišer, Gábor Herczeg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	adaptation colonization parallel evolution sexual dimorphism subterranean troglomorphy Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/154ca37c10844911a02e4219581540a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:154ca37c10844911a02e4219581540a12021-11-08T17:10:41ZParallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex2045-775810.1002/ece3.8233https://doaj.org/article/154ca37c10844911a02e4219581540a12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8233https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Studying parallel evolution (repeated, independent evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments) is a powerful tool to understand environment‐dependent selective forces. Surface‐dwelling species that repeatedly and independently colonized caves provide unique models for such studies. The primarily surface‐dwelling Asellus aquaticus species complex is a good candidate to carry out such research, because it colonized several caves in Europe. By comparing 17 functional morphological traits between six cave and nine surface populations of the A. aquaticus species complex, we investigated population divergence in morphology and sexual dimorphism. We found habitat‐dependent population divergence in 10 out of 17 traits, likely reflecting habitat‐driven changes in selection acting on sensory systems, feeding, grooming, and antipredator mechanisms. Sexual dimorphism was present in 15 traits, explained by sexual selection acting on male traits important in male–male agonistic behavior or mate guarding and fecundity selection acting on female traits affecting offspring number and nursing. In eight traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was habitat dependent. We conclude that cave‐related morphological changes are highly trait‐ and function‐specific and that the strength of sexual/fecundity selection strongly differs between cave and surface habitats. The considerable population variation within habitat type warrants further studies to reveal cave‐specific adaptations besides the parallel patterns.Gergely BalázsAnna BiróŽiga FišerCene FišerGábor HerczegWileyarticleadaptationcolonizationparallel evolutionsexual dimorphismsubterraneantroglomorphyEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 15389-15403 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adaptation colonization parallel evolution sexual dimorphism subterranean troglomorphy Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	adaptation colonization parallel evolution sexual dimorphism subterranean troglomorphy Ecology QH540-549.5 Gergely Balázs Anna Biró Žiga Fišer Cene Fišer Gábor Herczeg Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
description	Abstract Studying parallel evolution (repeated, independent evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments) is a powerful tool to understand environment‐dependent selective forces. Surface‐dwelling species that repeatedly and independently colonized caves provide unique models for such studies. The primarily surface‐dwelling Asellus aquaticus species complex is a good candidate to carry out such research, because it colonized several caves in Europe. By comparing 17 functional morphological traits between six cave and nine surface populations of the A. aquaticus species complex, we investigated population divergence in morphology and sexual dimorphism. We found habitat‐dependent population divergence in 10 out of 17 traits, likely reflecting habitat‐driven changes in selection acting on sensory systems, feeding, grooming, and antipredator mechanisms. Sexual dimorphism was present in 15 traits, explained by sexual selection acting on male traits important in male–male agonistic behavior or mate guarding and fecundity selection acting on female traits affecting offspring number and nursing. In eight traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was habitat dependent. We conclude that cave‐related morphological changes are highly trait‐ and function‐specific and that the strength of sexual/fecundity selection strongly differs between cave and surface habitats. The considerable population variation within habitat type warrants further studies to reveal cave‐specific adaptations besides the parallel patterns.
format	article
author	Gergely Balázs Anna Biró Žiga Fišer Cene Fišer Gábor Herczeg
author_facet	Gergely Balázs Anna Biró Žiga Fišer Cene Fišer Gábor Herczeg
author_sort	Gergely Balázs
title	Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
title_short	Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
title_full	Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
title_fullStr	Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
title_full_unstemmed	Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex
title_sort	parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the asellus aquaticus (crustacea: isopoda: asellidae) species complex
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/154ca37c10844911a02e4219581540a1
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Parallel morphological evolution and habitat‐dependent sexual dimorphism in cave‐ vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex

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