Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)

Hotaka Shinzato,1 Munenaga Koda,1 Akifumi Nakamura,1,2 Tsuyoshi Kondo11Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Akari Clinic, Okinawa, JapanBackground: Conventional categorical criteria have limitations...

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Autores principales:	Shinzato H, Koda M, Nakamura A, Kondo T
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	major depressive episode depressive mixed state spontaneous instability vulnerable responsiveness disruptive emotion/behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/15727a28181e42c2905418fe19a85652
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:15727a28181e42c2905418fe19a856522021-12-02T09:08:29ZDevelopment of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/15727a28181e42c2905418fe19a856522019-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/development-of-the-12-item-questionnaire-for-quantitative-assessment-o-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Hotaka Shinzato,1 Munenaga Koda,1 Akifumi Nakamura,1,2 Tsuyoshi Kondo11Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Akari Clinic, Okinawa, JapanBackground: Conventional categorical criteria have limitations in assessing the prevalence and severity of depressive mixed state (DMX). Thus, we have developed a new scale for screening and quantification of DMX and examined the symptomatological structure and severity of DMX in individuals with major depressive episode (MDE).Methods: Subjects were 154 patients with MDE (57 males and 97 females; age 13–83 years). Our original Japanese version of the self-administered 12-item questionnaire to assess DMX (DMX-12), together with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report Japanese version (QIDS-SR-J) and global assessment of functioning, were administered to each participant. The symptomatological structure of the DMX-12 was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze factors contributing to the DMX-12 scale. The relationships of this scale with categorical diagnoses (mixed depression by Benazzi and mixed features by DSM-5) were also investigated.Results: A three-factor model of the DMX-12 was extracted from exploratory factor analysis, namely, “spontaneous instability”, “vulnerable responsiveness”, and “disruptive emotion/behavior”. Multiple regression analyses revealed that age was negatively correlated with total DMX-12 score, while bipolarity and the QIDS-SR-J score were positively correlated. A higher score on the disruptive emotion/behavior subscale was observed in patients with mixed depression and mixed features.Conclusion: The DMX-12 seems to be useful for screening DMX in conjunction with conventional categorical diagnoses. Severely depressed younger subjects with potential bipolarity are more likely to develop DMX. The disruptive emotion/behavior subscale of the DMX-12 may be the most helpful in distinguishing patients with DMX from non-mixed patients.Keywords: major depressive episode, depressive mixed state, spontaneous instability, vulnerable responsiveness, disruptive emotion/behaviorShinzato HKoda MNakamura AKondo TDove Medical Pressarticlemajor depressive episodedepressive mixed statespontaneous instabilityvulnerable responsivenessdisruptive emotion/behaviorNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 15, Pp 1983-1991 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	major depressive episode depressive mixed state spontaneous instability vulnerable responsiveness disruptive emotion/behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	major depressive episode depressive mixed state spontaneous instability vulnerable responsiveness disruptive emotion/behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Shinzato H Koda M Nakamura A Kondo T Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
description	Hotaka Shinzato,1 Munenaga Koda,1 Akifumi Nakamura,1,2 Tsuyoshi Kondo11Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Akari Clinic, Okinawa, JapanBackground: Conventional categorical criteria have limitations in assessing the prevalence and severity of depressive mixed state (DMX). Thus, we have developed a new scale for screening and quantification of DMX and examined the symptomatological structure and severity of DMX in individuals with major depressive episode (MDE).Methods: Subjects were 154 patients with MDE (57 males and 97 females; age 13–83 years). Our original Japanese version of the self-administered 12-item questionnaire to assess DMX (DMX-12), together with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report Japanese version (QIDS-SR-J) and global assessment of functioning, were administered to each participant. The symptomatological structure of the DMX-12 was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze factors contributing to the DMX-12 scale. The relationships of this scale with categorical diagnoses (mixed depression by Benazzi and mixed features by DSM-5) were also investigated.Results: A three-factor model of the DMX-12 was extracted from exploratory factor analysis, namely, “spontaneous instability”, “vulnerable responsiveness”, and “disruptive emotion/behavior”. Multiple regression analyses revealed that age was negatively correlated with total DMX-12 score, while bipolarity and the QIDS-SR-J score were positively correlated. A higher score on the disruptive emotion/behavior subscale was observed in patients with mixed depression and mixed features.Conclusion: The DMX-12 seems to be useful for screening DMX in conjunction with conventional categorical diagnoses. Severely depressed younger subjects with potential bipolarity are more likely to develop DMX. The disruptive emotion/behavior subscale of the DMX-12 may be the most helpful in distinguishing patients with DMX from non-mixed patients.Keywords: major depressive episode, depressive mixed state, spontaneous instability, vulnerable responsiveness, disruptive emotion/behavior
format	article
author	Shinzato H Koda M Nakamura A Kondo T
author_facet	Shinzato H Koda M Nakamura A Kondo T
author_sort	Shinzato H
title	Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
title_short	Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
title_full	Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
title_fullStr	Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
title_full_unstemmed	Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)
title_sort	development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (dmx-12)
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/15727a28181e42c2905418fe19a85652
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Development of the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state (DMX-12)

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