Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.

R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the paras...

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Autores principales:	Eugenia E Montiel, Josefa Cabrero, Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez, William D Burke, Thomas H Eickbush, Juan Pedro M Camacho, María Dolores López-León
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/158c9badd13f438593408aa32b47ec0e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:158c9badd13f438593408aa32b47ec0e2021-11-18T08:27:59ZPreferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0091820https://doaj.org/article/158c9badd13f438593408aa32b47ec0e2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24632855/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the parasitic B chromosomes found in many populations. Here the structure of the E. plorans R2 element, its abundance relative to the number of rDNA units and its retrotransposition activity were determined. Animals screened from five populations contained on average over 12,000 rDNA units on their A chromosomes, but surprisingly only about 100 R2 elements. Monitoring the patterns of R2 insertions in individuals from these populations revealed only low levels of retrotransposition. The low rates of R2 insertion observed in E. plorans differ from the high levels of R2 insertion previously observed in insect species that have many fewer rDNA units. It is proposed that high levels of R2 are strongly selected against in E. plorans, because the rDNA transcription machinery in this species is unable to differentiate between R2-inserted and uninserted units. The B chromosomes of E. plorans contain an additional 7,000 to 15,000 rDNA units, but in contrast to the A chromosomes, from 150 to over 1,500 R2 elements. The higher concentration of R2 in the inactive B chromosomes rDNA clusters suggests these chromosomes can act as a sink for R2 insertions thus further reducing the level of insertions on the A chromosomes. These studies suggest an interesting evolutionary relationship between the parasitic B chromosomes and R2 elements.Eugenia E MontielJosefa CabreroMercedes Ruiz-EstévezWilliam D BurkeThomas H EickbushJuan Pedro M CamachoMaría Dolores López-LeónPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e91820 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eugenia E Montiel Josefa Cabrero Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez William D Burke Thomas H Eickbush Juan Pedro M Camacho María Dolores López-León Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
description	R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the parasitic B chromosomes found in many populations. Here the structure of the E. plorans R2 element, its abundance relative to the number of rDNA units and its retrotransposition activity were determined. Animals screened from five populations contained on average over 12,000 rDNA units on their A chromosomes, but surprisingly only about 100 R2 elements. Monitoring the patterns of R2 insertions in individuals from these populations revealed only low levels of retrotransposition. The low rates of R2 insertion observed in E. plorans differ from the high levels of R2 insertion previously observed in insect species that have many fewer rDNA units. It is proposed that high levels of R2 are strongly selected against in E. plorans, because the rDNA transcription machinery in this species is unable to differentiate between R2-inserted and uninserted units. The B chromosomes of E. plorans contain an additional 7,000 to 15,000 rDNA units, but in contrast to the A chromosomes, from 150 to over 1,500 R2 elements. The higher concentration of R2 in the inactive B chromosomes rDNA clusters suggests these chromosomes can act as a sink for R2 insertions thus further reducing the level of insertions on the A chromosomes. These studies suggest an interesting evolutionary relationship between the parasitic B chromosomes and R2 elements.
format	article
author	Eugenia E Montiel Josefa Cabrero Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez William D Burke Thomas H Eickbush Juan Pedro M Camacho María Dolores López-León
author_facet	Eugenia E Montiel Josefa Cabrero Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez William D Burke Thomas H Eickbush Juan Pedro M Camacho María Dolores López-León
author_sort	Eugenia E Montiel
title	Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
title_short	Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
title_full	Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
title_fullStr	Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
title_full_unstemmed	Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.
title_sort	preferential occupancy of r2 retroelements on the b chromosomes of the grasshopper eyprepocnemis plorans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/158c9badd13f438593408aa32b47ec0e
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Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.

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