Characterization of Vegetative <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Strains Isolated from Processed Cheese Products in an Italian Dairy Plant
Processed cheese is a commercial product characterized by high microbiological stability and extended shelf life obtained through the application of severe heat treatment. However, spore-forming bacteria can survive through thermal processes. Among them, microorganisms belonging to <i>Bacillus...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/15a6997dedb44684a6a34a50d143420e |
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| Sumario: | Processed cheese is a commercial product characterized by high microbiological stability and extended shelf life obtained through the application of severe heat treatment. However, spore-forming bacteria can survive through thermal processes. Among them, microorganisms belonging to <i>Bacillus</i> genus have been reported. In this study, we examined the microbiological population of the first hours’ production of processed cheeses in an Italian dairy plant during two seasons, between June and October 2020. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify bacteria colonies, allowing the isolation of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i><i>subtilis</i> strains. These results were further confirmed by amplification and sequencing of 16 rRNA bacterial region. A multi-locus sequence type (MLST) analysis was performed to assess the genetic similarity among a selection of isolates. The fourteen <i>B. cereus</i> strains showed two sequence types: ST-32 was observed in only one strain and the ST-371 in the remaining thirteen isolates. On the contrary, all twenty-one <i>B. subtlis</i> strains, included in the study, showed a new allelic profile for the <i>pycA</i> gene, resulting in a new sequence type: ST-249. For <i>B. cereus</i> strains, analysis of toxin genes was performed. All isolates were positive for <i>nheABC</i>, <i>entFM</i>, and <i>cytK</i>, while <i>hblABCD</i>, <i>bceT</i>, and <i>ces</i> were not detected. Moreover, the biofilm-forming ability of <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> strains was assessed, and all selected isolates proved to be biofilm formers (most of them were stronger producers). Considering the genetical similarity between isolates, jointly with the capacity to produce biofilm, the presence of a recurring <i>Bacillus</i> population could be hypothesized. |
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