Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.

Spider silks display generally strong mechanical properties, even if differences between species and within the same species can be observed. While many different types of silks have been tested, the mechanical properties of stalks of silk taken from the egg sac of the cave spider Meta menardi have...

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Autores principales:	Emiliano Lepore, Andrea Marchioro, Marco Isaia, Markus J Buehler, Nicola M Pugno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/15b3885527f04eeca8b01ea5b37bacaa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:15b3885527f04eeca8b01ea5b37bacaa2021-11-18T07:28:42ZEvidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030500https://doaj.org/article/15b3885527f04eeca8b01ea5b37bacaa2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22347380/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Spider silks display generally strong mechanical properties, even if differences between species and within the same species can be observed. While many different types of silks have been tested, the mechanical properties of stalks of silk taken from the egg sac of the cave spider Meta menardi have not yet been analyzed. Meta menardi has recently been chosen as the "European spider of the year 2012", from the European Society of Arachnology. Here we report a study where silk stalks were collected directly from several caves in the north-west of Italy. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that stalks are made up of a large number of threads, each of them with diameter of 6.03 ± 0.58 µm. The stalks were strained at the constant rate of 2 mm/min, using a tensile testing machine. The observed maximum stress, strain and toughness modulus, defined as the area under the stress-strain curve, are 0.64 GPa, 751% and 130.7 MJ/m(3), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, such an observed huge elongation has never been reported for egg sac silk stalks and suggests a huge unrolling microscopic mechanism of the macroscopic stalk that, as a continuation of the protective egg sac, is expected to be composed by fibres very densely and randomly packed. The Weibull statistics was used to analyze the results from mechanical testing, and an average value of Weibull modulus (m) is deduced to be in the range of 1.5-1.8 with a Weibull scale parameter (σ(0)) in the range of 0.33-0.41 GPa, showing a high coefficient of correlation (R(2) = 0.97).Emiliano LeporeAndrea MarchioroMarco IsaiaMarkus J BuehlerNicola M PugnoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e30500 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emiliano Lepore Andrea Marchioro Marco Isaia Markus J Buehler Nicola M Pugno Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
description	Spider silks display generally strong mechanical properties, even if differences between species and within the same species can be observed. While many different types of silks have been tested, the mechanical properties of stalks of silk taken from the egg sac of the cave spider Meta menardi have not yet been analyzed. Meta menardi has recently been chosen as the "European spider of the year 2012", from the European Society of Arachnology. Here we report a study where silk stalks were collected directly from several caves in the north-west of Italy. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that stalks are made up of a large number of threads, each of them with diameter of 6.03 ± 0.58 µm. The stalks were strained at the constant rate of 2 mm/min, using a tensile testing machine. The observed maximum stress, strain and toughness modulus, defined as the area under the stress-strain curve, are 0.64 GPa, 751% and 130.7 MJ/m(3), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, such an observed huge elongation has never been reported for egg sac silk stalks and suggests a huge unrolling microscopic mechanism of the macroscopic stalk that, as a continuation of the protective egg sac, is expected to be composed by fibres very densely and randomly packed. The Weibull statistics was used to analyze the results from mechanical testing, and an average value of Weibull modulus (m) is deduced to be in the range of 1.5-1.8 with a Weibull scale parameter (σ(0)) in the range of 0.33-0.41 GPa, showing a high coefficient of correlation (R(2) = 0.97).
format	article
author	Emiliano Lepore Andrea Marchioro Marco Isaia Markus J Buehler Nicola M Pugno
author_facet	Emiliano Lepore Andrea Marchioro Marco Isaia Markus J Buehler Nicola M Pugno
author_sort	Emiliano Lepore
title	Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
title_short	Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
title_full	Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
title_fullStr	Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.
title_sort	evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the european spider of the year meta menardi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/15b3885527f04eeca8b01ea5b37bacaa
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Evidence of the most stretchable egg sac silk stalk, of the European spider of the year Meta menardi.

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