Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.

Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and envir...

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Autores principales:	Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo, Shakiru Adewale Kazeem, Joy Ejemen Idoko, Raphael Abiodun Adebayo, Elizabeth Yetunde Fayemi, Okuyinka Bosola Adedibu, Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo, Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu, Oluwafolake Adenike Akinbode, Shina Salihu, Lisa Clare Offord, Alan Graham Buddie, Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/15c1c94dc31a491fa0377425431c4b50
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:15c1c94dc31a491fa0377425431c4b502021-12-02T20:09:16ZOccurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254328https://doaj.org/article/15c1c94dc31a491fa0377425431c4b502021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254328https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests' natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc.) also emerged. Species of yet-to-be identified predators were also observed in various niches of maize plants. A positive relationship was found between FAW instar and the number of E. laphygmae eggs/instar ranging, on average, from 1.5 on second instar to 5.5 on fourth instars hosts. Parasitism rate of T. remus on FAW eggs was 100%. Parasitic mite infestation resulted in increasing paleness, reduced feeding, growth and movement as well as death of FAW 1st instars. Thus, the occurrence of FAW natural enemies in Nigeria calls for advocacy campaign to incorporate their use into integrated pest management strategies that attract and allow natural enemies to thrive for FAW management.Akindele Oluwole OgunfunmilayoShakiru Adewale KazeemJoy Ejemen IdokoRaphael Abiodun AdebayoElizabeth Yetunde FayemiOkuyinka Bosola AdedibuQudrah Olaitan Oloyede-KamiyoJoy Oluchi NwogwugwuOluwafolake Adenike AkinbodeShina SalihuLisa Clare OffordAlan Graham BuddieThomas Inomisan OfuyaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254328 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo Shakiru Adewale Kazeem Joy Ejemen Idoko Raphael Abiodun Adebayo Elizabeth Yetunde Fayemi Okuyinka Bosola Adedibu Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu Oluwafolake Adenike Akinbode Shina Salihu Lisa Clare Offord Alan Graham Buddie Thomas Inomisan Ofuya Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
description	Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests' natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc.) also emerged. Species of yet-to-be identified predators were also observed in various niches of maize plants. A positive relationship was found between FAW instar and the number of E. laphygmae eggs/instar ranging, on average, from 1.5 on second instar to 5.5 on fourth instars hosts. Parasitism rate of T. remus on FAW eggs was 100%. Parasitic mite infestation resulted in increasing paleness, reduced feeding, growth and movement as well as death of FAW 1st instars. Thus, the occurrence of FAW natural enemies in Nigeria calls for advocacy campaign to incorporate their use into integrated pest management strategies that attract and allow natural enemies to thrive for FAW management.
format	article
author	Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo Shakiru Adewale Kazeem Joy Ejemen Idoko Raphael Abiodun Adebayo Elizabeth Yetunde Fayemi Okuyinka Bosola Adedibu Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu Oluwafolake Adenike Akinbode Shina Salihu Lisa Clare Offord Alan Graham Buddie Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
author_facet	Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo Shakiru Adewale Kazeem Joy Ejemen Idoko Raphael Abiodun Adebayo Elizabeth Yetunde Fayemi Okuyinka Bosola Adedibu Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu Oluwafolake Adenike Akinbode Shina Salihu Lisa Clare Offord Alan Graham Buddie Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
author_sort	Akindele Oluwole Ogunfunmilayo
title	Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
title_short	Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
title_full	Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
title_fullStr	Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
title_full_unstemmed	Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.
title_sort	occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in nigeria.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/15c1c94dc31a491fa0377425431c4b50
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Occurrence of natural enemies of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nigeria.

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