Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria

ABSTRACT More than 20% of all protein domains are currently annotated as “domains of unknown function” (DUFs). About 2,700 DUFs are found in bacteria compared with just over 1,500 in eukaryotes. Over 800 DUFs are shared between bacteria and eukaryotes, and about 300 of these are also present in arch...

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Autores principales:	Norman F. Goodacre, Dietlind L. Gerloff, Peter Uetz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/16274d4b4b704f6fa2be7de04534a22c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:16274d4b4b704f6fa2be7de04534a22c2021-11-15T15:45:11ZProtein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria10.1128/mBio.00744-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/16274d4b4b704f6fa2be7de04534a22c2014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00744-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT More than 20% of all protein domains are currently annotated as “domains of unknown function” (DUFs). About 2,700 DUFs are found in bacteria compared with just over 1,500 in eukaryotes. Over 800 DUFs are shared between bacteria and eukaryotes, and about 300 of these are also present in archaea. A total of 2,786 bacterial Pfam domains even occur in animals, including 320 DUFs. Evolutionary conservation suggests that many of these DUFs are important. Here we show that 355 essential proteins in 16 model bacterial species contain 238 DUFs, most of which represent single-domain proteins, clearly establishing the biological essentiality of DUFs. We suggest that experimental research should focus on conserved and essential DUFs (eDUFs) for functional analysis given their important function and wide taxonomic distribution, including bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE The functional units of proteins are domains. Typically, each domain has a distinct structure and function. Genomes encode thousands of domains, and many of the domains have no known function (domains of unknown function [DUFs]). They are often ignored as of little relevance, given that many of them are found in only a few genomes. Here we show that many DUFs are essential DUFs (eDUFs) based on their presence in essential proteins. We also show that eDUFs are often essential even if they are found in relatively few genomes. However, in general, more common DUFs are more often essential than rare DUFs.Norman F. GoodacreDietlind L. GerloffPeter UetzAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Norman F. Goodacre Dietlind L. Gerloff Peter Uetz Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
description	ABSTRACT More than 20% of all protein domains are currently annotated as “domains of unknown function” (DUFs). About 2,700 DUFs are found in bacteria compared with just over 1,500 in eukaryotes. Over 800 DUFs are shared between bacteria and eukaryotes, and about 300 of these are also present in archaea. A total of 2,786 bacterial Pfam domains even occur in animals, including 320 DUFs. Evolutionary conservation suggests that many of these DUFs are important. Here we show that 355 essential proteins in 16 model bacterial species contain 238 DUFs, most of which represent single-domain proteins, clearly establishing the biological essentiality of DUFs. We suggest that experimental research should focus on conserved and essential DUFs (eDUFs) for functional analysis given their important function and wide taxonomic distribution, including bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE The functional units of proteins are domains. Typically, each domain has a distinct structure and function. Genomes encode thousands of domains, and many of the domains have no known function (domains of unknown function [DUFs]). They are often ignored as of little relevance, given that many of them are found in only a few genomes. Here we show that many DUFs are essential DUFs (eDUFs) based on their presence in essential proteins. We also show that eDUFs are often essential even if they are found in relatively few genomes. However, in general, more common DUFs are more often essential than rare DUFs.
format	article
author	Norman F. Goodacre Dietlind L. Gerloff Peter Uetz
author_facet	Norman F. Goodacre Dietlind L. Gerloff Peter Uetz
author_sort	Norman F. Goodacre
title	Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
title_short	Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
title_full	Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
title_fullStr	Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed	Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
title_sort	protein domains of unknown function are essential in bacteria
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/16274d4b4b704f6fa2be7de04534a22c
work_keys_str_mv	AT normanfgoodacre proteindomainsofunknownfunctionareessentialinbacteria AT dietlindlgerloff proteindomainsofunknownfunctionareessentialinbacteria AT peteruetz proteindomainsofunknownfunctionareessentialinbacteria
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Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria

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