Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity

ABSTRACT Climate change scenarios anticipate decreased spring snow cover in boreal and subarctic regions. Forest lakes are abundant in these regions and substantial contributors of methane emissions. To investigate the effect of reduced snow cover, we experimentally removed snow from an anoxic froze...

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Autores principales:	Sarahi L. Garcia, Anna J. Szekely, Christoffer Bergvall, Martha Schattenhofer, Sari Peura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	climate change greenhouse gas lakes methane methanotrophs microorganisms Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1643f941649341c3ad203d5083e00fe5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1643f941649341c3ad203d5083e00fe52021-11-15T15:22:05ZDecreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity10.1128/mSphere.00626-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/1643f941649341c3ad203d5083e00fe52019-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00626-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Climate change scenarios anticipate decreased spring snow cover in boreal and subarctic regions. Forest lakes are abundant in these regions and substantial contributors of methane emissions. To investigate the effect of reduced snow cover, we experimentally removed snow from an anoxic frozen lake. We observed that the removal of snow increased light penetration through the ice, increasing water temperature and modifying microbial composition in the different depths. Chlorophyll a and b concentrations increased in the upper water column, suggesting activation of algal primary producers. At the same time, Chlorobiaceae, one of the key photosynthetic bacterial families in anoxic lakes, shifted to lower depths. Moreover, a decrease in the relative abundance of methanotrophs within the bacterial family Methylococcaceae was detected, concurrent with an increase in methane concentration in the water column. These results indicate that decreased snow cover impacts both primary production and methane production and/or consumption, which may ultimately lead to increased methane emissions after spring ice off. IMPORTANCE Small lakes are an important source of greenhouse gases in the boreal zone. These lakes are severely impacted by the winter season, when ice and snow cover obstruct gas exchange between the lake and the atmosphere and diminish light availability in the water column. Currently, climate change is resulting in reduced spring snow cover. A short-term removal of the snow from the ice stimulated algal primary producers and subsequently heterotrophic bacteria. Concurrently, the relative abundance of methanotrophic bacteria decreased and methane concentrations increased. Our results increase the general knowledge of microbial life under ice and, specifically, the understanding of the potential impact of climate change on boreal lakes.Sarahi L. GarciaAnna J. SzekelyChristoffer BergvallMartha SchattenhoferSari PeuraAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleclimate changegreenhouse gaslakesmethanemethanotrophsmicroorganismsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change greenhouse gas lakes methane methanotrophs microorganisms Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	climate change greenhouse gas lakes methane methanotrophs microorganisms Microbiology QR1-502 Sarahi L. Garcia Anna J. Szekely Christoffer Bergvall Martha Schattenhofer Sari Peura Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
description	ABSTRACT Climate change scenarios anticipate decreased spring snow cover in boreal and subarctic regions. Forest lakes are abundant in these regions and substantial contributors of methane emissions. To investigate the effect of reduced snow cover, we experimentally removed snow from an anoxic frozen lake. We observed that the removal of snow increased light penetration through the ice, increasing water temperature and modifying microbial composition in the different depths. Chlorophyll a and b concentrations increased in the upper water column, suggesting activation of algal primary producers. At the same time, Chlorobiaceae, one of the key photosynthetic bacterial families in anoxic lakes, shifted to lower depths. Moreover, a decrease in the relative abundance of methanotrophs within the bacterial family Methylococcaceae was detected, concurrent with an increase in methane concentration in the water column. These results indicate that decreased snow cover impacts both primary production and methane production and/or consumption, which may ultimately lead to increased methane emissions after spring ice off. IMPORTANCE Small lakes are an important source of greenhouse gases in the boreal zone. These lakes are severely impacted by the winter season, when ice and snow cover obstruct gas exchange between the lake and the atmosphere and diminish light availability in the water column. Currently, climate change is resulting in reduced spring snow cover. A short-term removal of the snow from the ice stimulated algal primary producers and subsequently heterotrophic bacteria. Concurrently, the relative abundance of methanotrophic bacteria decreased and methane concentrations increased. Our results increase the general knowledge of microbial life under ice and, specifically, the understanding of the potential impact of climate change on boreal lakes.
format	article
author	Sarahi L. Garcia Anna J. Szekely Christoffer Bergvall Martha Schattenhofer Sari Peura
author_facet	Sarahi L. Garcia Anna J. Szekely Christoffer Bergvall Martha Schattenhofer Sari Peura
author_sort	Sarahi L. Garcia
title	Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
title_short	Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
title_full	Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
title_fullStr	Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
title_full_unstemmed	Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity
title_sort	decreased snow cover stimulates under-ice primary producers but impairs methanotrophic capacity
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/1643f941649341c3ad203d5083e00fe5
work_keys_str_mv	AT sarahilgarcia decreasedsnowcoverstimulatesundericeprimaryproducersbutimpairsmethanotrophiccapacity AT annajszekely decreasedsnowcoverstimulatesundericeprimaryproducersbutimpairsmethanotrophiccapacity AT christofferbergvall decreasedsnowcoverstimulatesundericeprimaryproducersbutimpairsmethanotrophiccapacity AT marthaschattenhofer decreasedsnowcoverstimulatesundericeprimaryproducersbutimpairsmethanotrophiccapacity AT saripeura decreasedsnowcoverstimulatesundericeprimaryproducersbutimpairsmethanotrophiccapacity
_version_	1718428054950248448

Decreased Snow Cover Stimulates Under-Ice Primary Producers but Impairs Methanotrophic Capacity

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