Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to m...

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Autores principales:	Rubén López-Cortés, Sergio Vázquez-Estévez, Javier Álvarez Fernández, Cristina Núñez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	proteomics precision medicine protein biomarkers molecular classification histoproteomics histology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/164bee643c5141598108a24f7d84f57d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:164bee643c5141598108a24f7d84f57d2021-11-11T15:34:09ZProteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer10.3390/cancers132155372072-6694https://doaj.org/article/164bee643c5141598108a24f7d84f57d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5537https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to molecular classifications of BC. These innovations have also allowed for the tracing of major tumorigenic pathways and, therefore, are positioned as strong supporters of precision medicine. In parallel, immunohistochemistry is still the clinical reference to discriminate histological layers and to stage BC. Key contributions have been made to enlarge the panel of protein immunomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of proteins in liquid biopsy has also provided potential markers. Notwithstanding, their clinical adoption is still low, with very few approved tests. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has remained a step behind; hence, we aimed to develop them in the community. Herein, the authors introduce the epidemiology and the conventional classifications to review the molecular classification of BC, highlighting the contributions of proteomics. Then, the advances in mass spectrometry techniques focusing on maintaining the integrity of the biological structures are presented, a milestone for the emergence of histoproteomics. Within this field, the review then discusses selected proteins for the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms of BC. Finally, because there is still insufficient knowledge, this review considers proteomics as an important source for the development of BC therapies.Rubén López-CortésSergio Vázquez-EstévezJavier Álvarez FernándezCristina NúñezMDPI AGarticleproteomicsprecision medicineprotein biomarkersmolecular classificationhistoproteomicshistologyNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5537, p 5537 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	proteomics precision medicine protein biomarkers molecular classification histoproteomics histology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	proteomics precision medicine protein biomarkers molecular classification histoproteomics histology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Rubén López-Cortés Sergio Vázquez-Estévez Javier Álvarez Fernández Cristina Núñez Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
description	Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to molecular classifications of BC. These innovations have also allowed for the tracing of major tumorigenic pathways and, therefore, are positioned as strong supporters of precision medicine. In parallel, immunohistochemistry is still the clinical reference to discriminate histological layers and to stage BC. Key contributions have been made to enlarge the panel of protein immunomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of proteins in liquid biopsy has also provided potential markers. Notwithstanding, their clinical adoption is still low, with very few approved tests. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has remained a step behind; hence, we aimed to develop them in the community. Herein, the authors introduce the epidemiology and the conventional classifications to review the molecular classification of BC, highlighting the contributions of proteomics. Then, the advances in mass spectrometry techniques focusing on maintaining the integrity of the biological structures are presented, a milestone for the emergence of histoproteomics. Within this field, the review then discusses selected proteins for the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms of BC. Finally, because there is still insufficient knowledge, this review considers proteomics as an important source for the development of BC therapies.
format	article
author	Rubén López-Cortés Sergio Vázquez-Estévez Javier Álvarez Fernández Cristina Núñez
author_facet	Rubén López-Cortés Sergio Vázquez-Estévez Javier Álvarez Fernández Cristina Núñez
author_sort	Rubén López-Cortés
title	Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
title_short	Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
title_full	Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
title_fullStr	Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer
title_sort	proteomics as a complementary technique to characterize bladder cancer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/164bee643c5141598108a24f7d84f57d
work_keys_str_mv	AT rubenlopezcortes proteomicsasacomplementarytechniquetocharacterizebladdercancer AT sergiovazquezestevez proteomicsasacomplementarytechniquetocharacterizebladdercancer AT javieralvarezfernandez proteomicsasacomplementarytechniquetocharacterizebladdercancer AT cristinanunez proteomicsasacomplementarytechniquetocharacterizebladdercancer
_version_	1718435162683867136

Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer

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