The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal
The uncontrolled release of pharmaceutical drugs into the environment raised serious concerns in the last decades as they can potentially exert adverse effects on living organisms even at the low concentrations at which they are typically found. Among them, platinum based cytostatic drugs (Pt CDs) a...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:164f01bc18f6473f9ced3a072e0dead32021-11-25T18:49:58ZThe Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal10.3390/pr91118732227-9717https://doaj.org/article/164f01bc18f6473f9ced3a072e0dead32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/1873https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717The uncontrolled release of pharmaceutical drugs into the environment raised serious concerns in the last decades as they can potentially exert adverse effects on living organisms even at the low concentrations at which they are typically found. Among them, platinum based cytostatic drugs (Pt CDs) are among the most used drugs in cancer treatments which are administered via intravenous infusion and released partially intact or as transformation products. In this review, the studies on environmental occurrence, transformation, potential ecotoxicity, and possible treatment for the removal of platinum cytostatic compounds are revised. The analysis of the literature highlighted the generally low total platinum concentration values (from a few tens of ng L<sup>−1</sup> to a few hundred μg L<sup>−1</sup>) found in hospital effluents. Additionally, several studies highlighted how hospitals are sources of a minor fraction of the total Pt CDs found in the environment due to the slow excretion rate which is longer than the usual treatment durations. Only some data about the impact of the exposure to low levels of Pt CDs on the health of flora and fauna are present in literature. In some cases, adverse effects have been shown to occur in living organisms, even at low concentrations. Further ecotoxicity data are needed to support or exclude their chronic effects on the ecosystem. Finally, fundamental understanding is required on the platinum drugs removal by MBR, AOPs, technologies, and adsorption.Yessica Roque-DiazMartina SanadarDong HanMontserrat López-MesasManuel ValienteMarilena TolazziAndrea MelchiorDaniele VeclaniMDPI AGarticlecytostatic drugswater treatmentenvironmental remediationemerging pollutantsChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 1873, p 1873 (2021) |
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cytostatic drugs water treatment environmental remediation emerging pollutants Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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cytostatic drugs water treatment environmental remediation emerging pollutants Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Yessica Roque-Diaz Martina Sanadar Dong Han Montserrat López-Mesas Manuel Valiente Marilena Tolazzi Andrea Melchior Daniele Veclani The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| description |
The uncontrolled release of pharmaceutical drugs into the environment raised serious concerns in the last decades as they can potentially exert adverse effects on living organisms even at the low concentrations at which they are typically found. Among them, platinum based cytostatic drugs (Pt CDs) are among the most used drugs in cancer treatments which are administered via intravenous infusion and released partially intact or as transformation products. In this review, the studies on environmental occurrence, transformation, potential ecotoxicity, and possible treatment for the removal of platinum cytostatic compounds are revised. The analysis of the literature highlighted the generally low total platinum concentration values (from a few tens of ng L<sup>−1</sup> to a few hundred μg L<sup>−1</sup>) found in hospital effluents. Additionally, several studies highlighted how hospitals are sources of a minor fraction of the total Pt CDs found in the environment due to the slow excretion rate which is longer than the usual treatment durations. Only some data about the impact of the exposure to low levels of Pt CDs on the health of flora and fauna are present in literature. In some cases, adverse effects have been shown to occur in living organisms, even at low concentrations. Further ecotoxicity data are needed to support or exclude their chronic effects on the ecosystem. Finally, fundamental understanding is required on the platinum drugs removal by MBR, AOPs, technologies, and adsorption. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yessica Roque-Diaz Martina Sanadar Dong Han Montserrat López-Mesas Manuel Valiente Marilena Tolazzi Andrea Melchior Daniele Veclani |
| author_facet |
Yessica Roque-Diaz Martina Sanadar Dong Han Montserrat López-Mesas Manuel Valiente Marilena Tolazzi Andrea Melchior Daniele Veclani |
| author_sort |
Yessica Roque-Diaz |
| title |
The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| title_short |
The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| title_full |
The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| title_fullStr |
The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal |
| title_sort |
dark side of platinum based cytostatic drugs: from detection to removal |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/164f01bc18f6473f9ced3a072e0dead3 |
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