Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region

The spatiotemporal patterns and trends of shortwave global irradiance (SWGI) are a crucial factor affecting not only the climate but also sectors of the economy. In this work, the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset is employed and evaluated against in situ measurements from a dense network of surface stat...

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Autores principales:	Elissavet Galanaki, George Emmanouil, Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Vassiliki Kotroni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	surface solar radiation downward ERA5-Land evaluation solar radiation climatology trend analysis dimming brightening Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/164f34f6a1a74c5b8be42726d9bcb2d5
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:164f34f6a1a74c5b8be42726d9bcb2d5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:164f34f6a1a74c5b8be42726d9bcb2d52021-11-25T16:44:41ZLong-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region10.3390/atmos121114312073-4433https://doaj.org/article/164f34f6a1a74c5b8be42726d9bcb2d52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1431https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433The spatiotemporal patterns and trends of shortwave global irradiance (SWGI) are a crucial factor affecting not only the climate but also sectors of the economy. In this work, the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset is employed and evaluated against in situ measurements from a dense network of surface stations operated by the National Observatory of Athens over Greece, revealing a good agreement between the two datasets. Then, the spatiotemporal variability of SWGI is investigated over the Euro-Mediterranean region (10° W–42° E and 30° N–52° N) for a 40-year period (1981–2020). SWGI exhibits a smooth latitudinal variability from north to south of −5.4 W/m<sup>2</sup>/degree on an annual scale, while it varies significantly on a seasonal basis and is almost four times lower in the winter than in the summer. The SWGI trend during the analyzed period was found to be positive and statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Spring and summer are the periods where positive and the strongest rates of SWGI trends are evident, while in the winter and autumn, negative or neutral trends were found. The increasing SWGI trend shows a slowdown during the beginning of the 2000s in all seasons, except autumn. The SWGI trend decreases by about −0.06 W/m<sup>2</sup>/decade every 100 m of elevation increase.Elissavet GalanakiGeorge EmmanouilKonstantinos LagouvardosVassiliki KotroniMDPI AGarticlesurface solar radiation downwardERA5-Land evaluationsolar radiation climatologytrend analysisdimmingbrighteningMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1431, p 1431 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	surface solar radiation downward ERA5-Land evaluation solar radiation climatology trend analysis dimming brightening Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	surface solar radiation downward ERA5-Land evaluation solar radiation climatology trend analysis dimming brightening Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Elissavet Galanaki George Emmanouil Konstantinos Lagouvardos Vassiliki Kotroni Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
description	The spatiotemporal patterns and trends of shortwave global irradiance (SWGI) are a crucial factor affecting not only the climate but also sectors of the economy. In this work, the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset is employed and evaluated against in situ measurements from a dense network of surface stations operated by the National Observatory of Athens over Greece, revealing a good agreement between the two datasets. Then, the spatiotemporal variability of SWGI is investigated over the Euro-Mediterranean region (10° W–42° E and 30° N–52° N) for a 40-year period (1981–2020). SWGI exhibits a smooth latitudinal variability from north to south of −5.4 W/m<sup>2</sup>/degree on an annual scale, while it varies significantly on a seasonal basis and is almost four times lower in the winter than in the summer. The SWGI trend during the analyzed period was found to be positive and statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Spring and summer are the periods where positive and the strongest rates of SWGI trends are evident, while in the winter and autumn, negative or neutral trends were found. The increasing SWGI trend shows a slowdown during the beginning of the 2000s in all seasons, except autumn. The SWGI trend decreases by about −0.06 W/m<sup>2</sup>/decade every 100 m of elevation increase.
format	article
author	Elissavet Galanaki George Emmanouil Konstantinos Lagouvardos Vassiliki Kotroni
author_facet	Elissavet Galanaki George Emmanouil Konstantinos Lagouvardos Vassiliki Kotroni
author_sort	Elissavet Galanaki
title	Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
title_short	Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
title_full	Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
title_fullStr	Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region
title_sort	long-term patterns and trends of shortwave global irradiance over the euro-mediterranean region
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/164f34f6a1a74c5b8be42726d9bcb2d5
work_keys_str_mv	AT elissavetgalanaki longtermpatternsandtrendsofshortwaveglobalirradianceovertheeuromediterraneanregion AT georgeemmanouil longtermpatternsandtrendsofshortwaveglobalirradianceovertheeuromediterraneanregion AT konstantinoslagouvardos longtermpatternsandtrendsofshortwaveglobalirradianceovertheeuromediterraneanregion AT vassilikikotroni longtermpatternsandtrendsofshortwaveglobalirradianceovertheeuromediterraneanregion
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Long-Term Patterns and Trends of Shortwave Global Irradiance over the Euro-Mediterranean Region

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