Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand

Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions while rice grain yield i...

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Autores principales:	Nittaya Cha-un, Amnat Chidthaisong, Kazuyuki Yagi, Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	long-term effects fertilizers and water management grain yield methane emission paddy rice Thailand Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/165f4305c3e6451789ebb3296db71e3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:165f4305c3e6451789ebb3296db71e3b2021-11-25T16:00:34ZSimulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand10.3390/agriculture111111442077-0472https://doaj.org/article/165f4305c3e6451789ebb3296db71e3b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1144https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions while rice grain yield is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate appropriate options of fertilizer and water management practices for Thai rice cultivation with regards to improving rice grain yield and reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. The Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate grain yield and the emission of CH<sub>4</sub> under the three fertilizer options (chemical fertilizer (F), manure (M) and chemical fertilizer + manure (F + M)) with three water management options (continuous flooding (CF), mid-season drainage (MD) and alternate wet and dry (AWD)) during the years 2011–2050. Rain-fed and irrigated rice cropping systems were used. A total of 24 sites distributed in 22 provinces were studied. The data sets of daily climate, soil properties, and rice management practices were required as inputs in the model. Model validation with observation data in a field experiment indicated that simulated grain yields (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, slope = 0.98, NRMES = 0.30) and cumulative seasonal CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, slope = 0.74, NRMES = 0.43) were significantly and positively correlated with the observation. At the end of the simulation period (2046–2050), fertilizer management options of F and F + M gave more grain yield than the M management option by 1–44% in rain-fed rice cropping and 104–190% in irrigated rice cropping system, respectively. Among options, the lower CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were found in AWD water management options. The appropriate options with regard to maintaining grain yield and reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in the long term were suggested to be F + M with AWD for the rain-fed rice, and F with AWD for the irrigated rice cropping systems.Nittaya Cha-unAmnat ChidthaisongKazuyuki YagiSirintornthep TowprayoonMDPI AGarticlelong-term effectsfertilizers and water managementgrain yieldmethane emissionpaddy riceThailandAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1144, p 1144 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	long-term effects fertilizers and water management grain yield methane emission paddy rice Thailand Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	long-term effects fertilizers and water management grain yield methane emission paddy rice Thailand Agriculture (General) S1-972 Nittaya Cha-un Amnat Chidthaisong Kazuyuki Yagi Sirintornthep Towprayoon Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
description	Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions while rice grain yield is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate appropriate options of fertilizer and water management practices for Thai rice cultivation with regards to improving rice grain yield and reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. The Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate grain yield and the emission of CH<sub>4</sub> under the three fertilizer options (chemical fertilizer (F), manure (M) and chemical fertilizer + manure (F + M)) with three water management options (continuous flooding (CF), mid-season drainage (MD) and alternate wet and dry (AWD)) during the years 2011–2050. Rain-fed and irrigated rice cropping systems were used. A total of 24 sites distributed in 22 provinces were studied. The data sets of daily climate, soil properties, and rice management practices were required as inputs in the model. Model validation with observation data in a field experiment indicated that simulated grain yields (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, slope = 0.98, NRMES = 0.30) and cumulative seasonal CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, slope = 0.74, NRMES = 0.43) were significantly and positively correlated with the observation. At the end of the simulation period (2046–2050), fertilizer management options of F and F + M gave more grain yield than the M management option by 1–44% in rain-fed rice cropping and 104–190% in irrigated rice cropping system, respectively. Among options, the lower CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were found in AWD water management options. The appropriate options with regard to maintaining grain yield and reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in the long term were suggested to be F + M with AWD for the rain-fed rice, and F with AWD for the irrigated rice cropping systems.
format	article
author	Nittaya Cha-un Amnat Chidthaisong Kazuyuki Yagi Sirintornthep Towprayoon
author_facet	Nittaya Cha-un Amnat Chidthaisong Kazuyuki Yagi Sirintornthep Towprayoon
author_sort	Nittaya Cha-un
title	Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
title_short	Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
title_full	Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
title_fullStr	Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed	Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand
title_sort	simulating the long-term effects of fertilizer and water management on grain yield and methane emissions of paddy rice in thailand
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/165f4305c3e6451789ebb3296db71e3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT nittayachaun simulatingthelongtermeffectsoffertilizerandwatermanagementongrainyieldandmethaneemissionsofpaddyriceinthailand AT amnatchidthaisong simulatingthelongtermeffectsoffertilizerandwatermanagementongrainyieldandmethaneemissionsofpaddyriceinthailand AT kazuyukiyagi simulatingthelongtermeffectsoffertilizerandwatermanagementongrainyieldandmethaneemissionsofpaddyriceinthailand AT sirintorntheptowprayoon simulatingthelongtermeffectsoffertilizerandwatermanagementongrainyieldandmethaneemissionsofpaddyriceinthailand
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Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand

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