Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack

Abstract In this paper we investigate how the modularity of model and real-world social networks affect their robustness and the efficacy of node attack (removal) strategies based on node degree (ID) and node betweenness (IB). We build Barabasi–Albert model networks with different modularity by a ne...

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Autores principales:	Quang Nguyen, Tuan V. Vu, Hanh-Duyen Dinh, Davide Cassi, Francesco Scotognella, Roberto Alfieri, Michele Bellingeri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Network robustness Modular network Node attack strategy Centrality measures Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods T57-57.97
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1666368bcdd64d0b99f110fbfe15a898
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1666368bcdd64d0b99f110fbfe15a8982021-11-07T12:19:01ZModularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack10.1007/s41109-021-00426-y2364-8228https://doaj.org/article/1666368bcdd64d0b99f110fbfe15a8982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-021-00426-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2364-8228Abstract In this paper we investigate how the modularity of model and real-world social networks affect their robustness and the efficacy of node attack (removal) strategies based on node degree (ID) and node betweenness (IB). We build Barabasi–Albert model networks with different modularity by a new ad hoc algorithm that rewire links forming networks with community structure. We traced the network robustness using the largest connected component (LCC). We find that when model networks present absent or low modular structure ID strategy is more effective than IB to decrease the LCC. Conversely, in the case the model network present higher modularity, the IB strategy becomes the most effective to fragment the LCC. In addition, networks with higher modularity present a signature of a 1st order percolation transition and a decrease of the LCC with one or several abrupt changes when nodes are removed, for both strategies; differently, networks with non-modular structure or low modularity show a 2nd order percolation transition networks when nodes are removed. Last, we investigated how the modularity of the network structure evaluated by the modularity indicator (Q) affect the network robustness and the efficacy of the attack strategies in 12 real-world social networks. We found that the modularity Q is negatively correlated with the robustness of the real-world social networks for both the node attack strategies, especially for the IB strategy (p-value < 0.001). This result indicates how real-world networks with higher modularity (i.e. with higher community structure) may be more fragile to node attack. The results presented in this paper unveil the role of modularity and community structure for the robustness of networks and may be useful to select the best node attack strategies in network.Quang NguyenTuan V. VuHanh-Duyen DinhDavide CassiFrancesco ScotognellaRoberto AlfieriMichele BellingeriSpringerOpenarticleNetwork robustnessModular networkNode attack strategyCentrality measuresApplied mathematics. Quantitative methodsT57-57.97ENApplied Network Science, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Network robustness Modular network Node attack strategy Centrality measures Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods T57-57.97
spellingShingle	Network robustness Modular network Node attack strategy Centrality measures Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods T57-57.97 Quang Nguyen Tuan V. Vu Hanh-Duyen Dinh Davide Cassi Francesco Scotognella Roberto Alfieri Michele Bellingeri Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
description	Abstract In this paper we investigate how the modularity of model and real-world social networks affect their robustness and the efficacy of node attack (removal) strategies based on node degree (ID) and node betweenness (IB). We build Barabasi–Albert model networks with different modularity by a new ad hoc algorithm that rewire links forming networks with community structure. We traced the network robustness using the largest connected component (LCC). We find that when model networks present absent or low modular structure ID strategy is more effective than IB to decrease the LCC. Conversely, in the case the model network present higher modularity, the IB strategy becomes the most effective to fragment the LCC. In addition, networks with higher modularity present a signature of a 1st order percolation transition and a decrease of the LCC with one or several abrupt changes when nodes are removed, for both strategies; differently, networks with non-modular structure or low modularity show a 2nd order percolation transition networks when nodes are removed. Last, we investigated how the modularity of the network structure evaluated by the modularity indicator (Q) affect the network robustness and the efficacy of the attack strategies in 12 real-world social networks. We found that the modularity Q is negatively correlated with the robustness of the real-world social networks for both the node attack strategies, especially for the IB strategy (p-value < 0.001). This result indicates how real-world networks with higher modularity (i.e. with higher community structure) may be more fragile to node attack. The results presented in this paper unveil the role of modularity and community structure for the robustness of networks and may be useful to select the best node attack strategies in network.
format	article
author	Quang Nguyen Tuan V. Vu Hanh-Duyen Dinh Davide Cassi Francesco Scotognella Roberto Alfieri Michele Bellingeri
author_facet	Quang Nguyen Tuan V. Vu Hanh-Duyen Dinh Davide Cassi Francesco Scotognella Roberto Alfieri Michele Bellingeri
author_sort	Quang Nguyen
title	Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
title_short	Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
title_full	Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
title_fullStr	Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
title_full_unstemmed	Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
title_sort	modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1666368bcdd64d0b99f110fbfe15a898
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Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack

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