Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys

Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is a method used for collection of semen when the traditional methods of semen collection are not feasible. Common indications for this method include health issues that either preclude the physical act of mating or result in impaired erection and ejac...

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Autores principales:	Afroza Khanam, Ayman A. Swelum, Firdous A. Khan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	equine imipramine xylazine detomidine semen Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/166eee9a96454ce9bb3291e0621b930e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:166eee9a96454ce9bb3291e0621b930e2021-12-01T21:52:54ZPharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.669423https://doaj.org/article/166eee9a96454ce9bb3291e0621b930e2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.669423/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is a method used for collection of semen when the traditional methods of semen collection are not feasible. Common indications for this method include health issues that either preclude the physical act of mating or result in impaired erection and ejaculation. The method also offers an alternative when there is a lack of equipment and facilities required for semen collection using the conventional artificial vagina method. A variety of pharmacological protocols for ex copula ejaculation in stallions have been evaluated in both research and clinical settings with no serious side-effects reported. In general, these protocols included tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and smooth muscle stimulators, either individually or in combination. Although there is a lot of variation in the ejaculatory rates among studies, a combination of imipramine and xylazine appears to be an effective option for inducing ejaculation in stallions. In cases where this protocol is not successful, collections should be reattempted using a combination of imipramine, detomidine, and oxytocin. Regardless of the protocol used, a quiet environment with minimal disturbance is associated with a better outcome. In contrast to the body of literature available on pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation in horses, only a few studies have been published so far on this topic in donkeys. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is an effective method of semen collection in jacks and to compare different pharmacological protocols for inducing ejaculation in jacks.Afroza KhanamAyman A. SwelumAyman A. SwelumFirdous A. KhanFrontiers Media S.A.articleequineimipraminexylazinedetomidinesemenVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	equine imipramine xylazine detomidine semen Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	equine imipramine xylazine detomidine semen Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Afroza Khanam Ayman A. Swelum Ayman A. Swelum Firdous A. Khan Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
description	Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is a method used for collection of semen when the traditional methods of semen collection are not feasible. Common indications for this method include health issues that either preclude the physical act of mating or result in impaired erection and ejaculation. The method also offers an alternative when there is a lack of equipment and facilities required for semen collection using the conventional artificial vagina method. A variety of pharmacological protocols for ex copula ejaculation in stallions have been evaluated in both research and clinical settings with no serious side-effects reported. In general, these protocols included tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and smooth muscle stimulators, either individually or in combination. Although there is a lot of variation in the ejaculatory rates among studies, a combination of imipramine and xylazine appears to be an effective option for inducing ejaculation in stallions. In cases where this protocol is not successful, collections should be reattempted using a combination of imipramine, detomidine, and oxytocin. Regardless of the protocol used, a quiet environment with minimal disturbance is associated with a better outcome. In contrast to the body of literature available on pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation in horses, only a few studies have been published so far on this topic in donkeys. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is an effective method of semen collection in jacks and to compare different pharmacological protocols for inducing ejaculation in jacks.
format	article
author	Afroza Khanam Ayman A. Swelum Ayman A. Swelum Firdous A. Khan
author_facet	Afroza Khanam Ayman A. Swelum Ayman A. Swelum Firdous A. Khan
author_sort	Afroza Khanam
title	Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
title_short	Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
title_full	Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
title_fullStr	Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
title_full_unstemmed	Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys
title_sort	pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation in horses and donkeys
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/166eee9a96454ce9bb3291e0621b930e
work_keys_str_mv	AT afrozakhanam pharmacologicallyinducedexcopulaejaculationinhorsesanddonkeys AT aymanaswelum pharmacologicallyinducedexcopulaejaculationinhorsesanddonkeys AT aymanaswelum pharmacologicallyinducedexcopulaejaculationinhorsesanddonkeys AT firdousakhan pharmacologicallyinducedexcopulaejaculationinhorsesanddonkeys
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Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation in Horses and Donkeys

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