Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabit freshwater wetlands that are vulnerable to salinization caused by anthropogenic alterations to freshwater flow, in addition to storm surges, sea level rise, and droughts. Salinization of coastal freshwater habitats is a growing concer...

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Autores principales:	Patricia C. Faulkner, Ruth M. Elsey, David Hala, Lene H. Petersen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/16ae1fc1fb004f08bafd0ee32e2ebd86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:16ae1fc1fb004f08bafd0ee32e2ebd862021-12-02T18:47:06ZCorrelations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)10.1038/s41598-021-94557-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/16ae1fc1fb004f08bafd0ee32e2ebd862021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94557-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabit freshwater wetlands that are vulnerable to salinization caused by anthropogenic alterations to freshwater flow, in addition to storm surges, sea level rise, and droughts. Salinization of coastal freshwater habitats is a growing concern in a changing climate due to increased frequency and intensity of storm surges and drought conditions. This study opportunistically sampled juvenile male and female wild alligators in various salinities each month excluding November, December, and January for one year at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in coastal Louisiana. Blood plasma biochemistry parameters including electrolyte levels were subsequently measured. In addition, levels of various renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Only males were sampled in hyperosmotic environments (> 10‰) during dry conditions in late summer 2018. In juvenile males, plasma Na+, Cl−, and the progestogen 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone were significantly and positively correlated with environmental salinity. However, variation in glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens were not associated with hypersaline water while sex steroids showed significant seasonal variation. This study demonstrated significant correlation of environmental salinity with electrolyte levels and a sex steroid in wild juvenile alligators, and to our knowledge represents the first measurement of 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone in alligators.Patricia C. FaulknerRuth M. ElseyDavid HalaLene H. PetersenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Patricia C. Faulkner Ruth M. Elsey David Hala Lene H. Petersen Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
description	Abstract American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabit freshwater wetlands that are vulnerable to salinization caused by anthropogenic alterations to freshwater flow, in addition to storm surges, sea level rise, and droughts. Salinization of coastal freshwater habitats is a growing concern in a changing climate due to increased frequency and intensity of storm surges and drought conditions. This study opportunistically sampled juvenile male and female wild alligators in various salinities each month excluding November, December, and January for one year at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in coastal Louisiana. Blood plasma biochemistry parameters including electrolyte levels were subsequently measured. In addition, levels of various renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Only males were sampled in hyperosmotic environments (> 10‰) during dry conditions in late summer 2018. In juvenile males, plasma Na+, Cl−, and the progestogen 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone were significantly and positively correlated with environmental salinity. However, variation in glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens were not associated with hypersaline water while sex steroids showed significant seasonal variation. This study demonstrated significant correlation of environmental salinity with electrolyte levels and a sex steroid in wild juvenile alligators, and to our knowledge represents the first measurement of 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone in alligators.
format	article
author	Patricia C. Faulkner Ruth M. Elsey David Hala Lene H. Petersen
author_facet	Patricia C. Faulkner Ruth M. Elsey David Hala Lene H. Petersen
author_sort	Patricia C. Faulkner
title	Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
title_short	Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
title_full	Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
title_fullStr	Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
title_full_unstemmed	Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
title_sort	correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile american alligators (alligator mississippiensis)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/16ae1fc1fb004f08bafd0ee32e2ebd86
work_keys_str_mv	AT patriciacfaulkner correlationsbetweenenvironmentalsalinitylevelsbloodbiochemistryparametersandsteroidhormonesinwildjuvenileamericanalligatorsalligatormississippiensis AT ruthmelsey correlationsbetweenenvironmentalsalinitylevelsbloodbiochemistryparametersandsteroidhormonesinwildjuvenileamericanalligatorsalligatormississippiensis AT davidhala correlationsbetweenenvironmentalsalinitylevelsbloodbiochemistryparametersandsteroidhormonesinwildjuvenileamericanalligatorsalligatormississippiensis AT lenehpetersen correlationsbetweenenvironmentalsalinitylevelsbloodbiochemistryparametersandsteroidhormonesinwildjuvenileamericanalligatorsalligatormississippiensis
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Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

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