The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences

The impostor phenomenon (IP) refers to the tendency to perceive oneself as intellectually incompetent and to attribute one’s own success to effort-related or external factors, such as fortunate circumstances. The present study (N=209) aimed to contribute to open questions regarding gender difference...

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Autores principales:	Monika Fleischhauer, Josephine Wossidlo, Lars Michael, Sören Enge
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	impostor phenomenon sandbagging perfectionism gender effects strategic behavior personality correlates, discriminant validity Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/16c3fe50b27f411eab6529318dcbb757
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:16c3fe50b27f411eab6529318dcbb7572021-11-17T06:57:52ZThe Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.764030https://doaj.org/article/16c3fe50b27f411eab6529318dcbb7572021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764030/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078The impostor phenomenon (IP) refers to the tendency to perceive oneself as intellectually incompetent and to attribute one’s own success to effort-related or external factors, such as fortunate circumstances. The present study (N=209) aimed to contribute to open questions regarding gender differences in the IP and the nomological network of the IP. The results show that the consistently found key correlates of the IP, that is, lower self-esteem and higher neuroticism, could also play a role in explaining why women report higher impostor feelings than men in many studies. Moreover, the results suggest that IP is characterized by the more maladaptive, socially prescribed perfectionism, which is related to the belief that others expect perfection from oneself, whereas self-oriented perfectionism, which is characterized by a critical view on oneself, plays a smaller role in differences in the IP. Finally, a strong association with the sandbagging construct challenges the conceptualization of the IP as a genuine doubt about one’s own competence, because similarly to IP, sandbaggers present themselves negatively to others, but do so for very strategic reasons in order to create a low expectation base in other individuals. Regression analysis was used to assess the incremental value of the personality factors in explaining variance in the IP. It was found that sandbagging and IP are highly related but not interchangeable.Monika FleischhauerJosephine WossidloLars MichaelSören EngeFrontiers Media S.A.articleimpostor phenomenonsandbaggingperfectionismgender effectsstrategic behaviorpersonality correlates, discriminant validityPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	impostor phenomenon sandbagging perfectionism gender effects strategic behavior personality correlates, discriminant validity Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	impostor phenomenon sandbagging perfectionism gender effects strategic behavior personality correlates, discriminant validity Psychology BF1-990 Monika Fleischhauer Josephine Wossidlo Lars Michael Sören Enge The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
description	The impostor phenomenon (IP) refers to the tendency to perceive oneself as intellectually incompetent and to attribute one’s own success to effort-related or external factors, such as fortunate circumstances. The present study (N=209) aimed to contribute to open questions regarding gender differences in the IP and the nomological network of the IP. The results show that the consistently found key correlates of the IP, that is, lower self-esteem and higher neuroticism, could also play a role in explaining why women report higher impostor feelings than men in many studies. Moreover, the results suggest that IP is characterized by the more maladaptive, socially prescribed perfectionism, which is related to the belief that others expect perfection from oneself, whereas self-oriented perfectionism, which is characterized by a critical view on oneself, plays a smaller role in differences in the IP. Finally, a strong association with the sandbagging construct challenges the conceptualization of the IP as a genuine doubt about one’s own competence, because similarly to IP, sandbaggers present themselves negatively to others, but do so for very strategic reasons in order to create a low expectation base in other individuals. Regression analysis was used to assess the incremental value of the personality factors in explaining variance in the IP. It was found that sandbagging and IP are highly related but not interchangeable.
format	article
author	Monika Fleischhauer Josephine Wossidlo Lars Michael Sören Enge
author_facet	Monika Fleischhauer Josephine Wossidlo Lars Michael Sören Enge
author_sort	Monika Fleischhauer
title	The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
title_short	The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
title_full	The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
title_fullStr	The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
title_full_unstemmed	The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences
title_sort	impostor phenomenon: toward a better understanding of the nomological network and gender differences
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/16c3fe50b27f411eab6529318dcbb757
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The Impostor Phenomenon: Toward a Better Understanding of the Nomological Network and Gender Differences

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