Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community

ABSTRACT Termites forage on a range of substrates, and it has been suggested that diet shapes the composition and function of termite gut bacterial communities. Through comparative analyses of gut metagenomes in nine termite species with distinct diets, we characterize bacterial community compositio...

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Autores principales:	Haofu Hu, Rafael Rodrigues da Costa, Bo Pilgaard, Morten Schiøtt, Lene Lange, Michael Poulsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	HiSeq HotPep carbohydrate-active enzymes cellulase chitinase metagenomics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/16dee1c423f5447cb75ce6d9b32e7c9c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:16dee1c423f5447cb75ce6d9b32e7c9c2021-11-15T15:22:20ZFungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community10.1128/mSphere.00165-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/16dee1c423f5447cb75ce6d9b32e7c9c2019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00165-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Termites forage on a range of substrates, and it has been suggested that diet shapes the composition and function of termite gut bacterial communities. Through comparative analyses of gut metagenomes in nine termite species with distinct diets, we characterize bacterial community compositions and use peptide-based functional annotation method to determine biomass-degrading enzymes and the bacterial taxa that encode them. We find that fungus-growing termite guts have relatively more fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme genes, while wood-feeding termite gut communities have relatively more plant cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Interestingly, wood-feeding termite gut bacterial genes code for abundant chitinolytic enzymes, suggesting that fungal biomass within the decaying wood likely contributes to gut bacterial or termite host nutrition. Across diets, the dominant biomass-degrading enzymes are predominantly coded for by the most abundant bacterial taxa, suggesting tight links between diet and gut community composition, with the most marked difference being the communities coding for the mycolytic capacity of the fungus-growing termite gut. IMPORTANCE Understanding functional capacities of gut microbiomes is important to improve our understanding of symbiotic associations. Here, we use peptide-based functional annotation to show that the gut microbiomes of fungus-farming termites code for a wealth of enzymes that likely target the fungal diet the termites eat. Comparisons to other termites showed that fungus-growing termite guts have relatively more fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme genes, whereas wood-feeding termite gut communities have relatively more plant cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Across termites with different diets, the dominant biomass-degrading enzymes are predominantly coded for by the most abundant bacterial taxa, suggesting tight links between diet and gut community compositions.Haofu HuRafael Rodrigues da CostaBo PilgaardMorten SchiøttLene LangeMichael PoulsenAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleHiSeqHotPepcarbohydrate-active enzymescellulasechitinasemetagenomicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 3 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HiSeq HotPep carbohydrate-active enzymes cellulase chitinase metagenomics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	HiSeq HotPep carbohydrate-active enzymes cellulase chitinase metagenomics Microbiology QR1-502 Haofu Hu Rafael Rodrigues da Costa Bo Pilgaard Morten Schiøtt Lene Lange Michael Poulsen Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
description	ABSTRACT Termites forage on a range of substrates, and it has been suggested that diet shapes the composition and function of termite gut bacterial communities. Through comparative analyses of gut metagenomes in nine termite species with distinct diets, we characterize bacterial community compositions and use peptide-based functional annotation method to determine biomass-degrading enzymes and the bacterial taxa that encode them. We find that fungus-growing termite guts have relatively more fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme genes, while wood-feeding termite gut communities have relatively more plant cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Interestingly, wood-feeding termite gut bacterial genes code for abundant chitinolytic enzymes, suggesting that fungal biomass within the decaying wood likely contributes to gut bacterial or termite host nutrition. Across diets, the dominant biomass-degrading enzymes are predominantly coded for by the most abundant bacterial taxa, suggesting tight links between diet and gut community composition, with the most marked difference being the communities coding for the mycolytic capacity of the fungus-growing termite gut. IMPORTANCE Understanding functional capacities of gut microbiomes is important to improve our understanding of symbiotic associations. Here, we use peptide-based functional annotation to show that the gut microbiomes of fungus-farming termites code for a wealth of enzymes that likely target the fungal diet the termites eat. Comparisons to other termites showed that fungus-growing termite guts have relatively more fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme genes, whereas wood-feeding termite gut communities have relatively more plant cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Across termites with different diets, the dominant biomass-degrading enzymes are predominantly coded for by the most abundant bacterial taxa, suggesting tight links between diet and gut community compositions.
format	article
author	Haofu Hu Rafael Rodrigues da Costa Bo Pilgaard Morten Schiøtt Lene Lange Michael Poulsen
author_facet	Haofu Hu Rafael Rodrigues da Costa Bo Pilgaard Morten Schiøtt Lene Lange Michael Poulsen
author_sort	Haofu Hu
title	Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
title_short	Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
title_full	Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
title_fullStr	Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
title_full_unstemmed	Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community
title_sort	fungiculture in termites is associated with a mycolytic gut bacterial community
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/16dee1c423f5447cb75ce6d9b32e7c9c
work_keys_str_mv	AT haofuhu fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity AT rafaelrodriguesdacosta fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity AT bopilgaard fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity AT mortenschiøtt fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity AT lenelange fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity AT michaelpoulsen fungicultureintermitesisassociatedwithamycolyticgutbacterialcommunity
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Fungiculture in Termites Is Associated with a Mycolytic Gut Bacterial Community

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