Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan

In this study, the on-site P-wave earthquake early warning (EEW) based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave to efficiently incorporate the site characteristics, which can potentially issue the earthquake warning by the time of Ts-p, was developed. The spectral ratio of S-wave to P...

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Autor principal:	Seiji Tsuno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	on-site EEW P-wave site-specific ratio prediction of S-wave real-time the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1701133318e24f96a2f745223df69f66
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1701133318e24f96a2f745223df69f662021-11-09T06:25:01ZApplicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.681199https://doaj.org/article/1701133318e24f96a2f745223df69f662021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.681199/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463In this study, the on-site P-wave earthquake early warning (EEW) based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave to efficiently incorporate the site characteristics, which can potentially issue the earthquake warning by the time of Ts-p, was developed. The spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave that are related to the source effects, the path effects, and the site effects are significantly affected by the site effects contrast to the source effects and the path effects in practical. At first, the on-site P-wave EEW method which multiplies a site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave prepared in advance by P-wave observed in the real-time at seismic stations is applied to seismic data for moderate-sized earthquakes with a magnitude (Mj) of 5.0–6.0, occurred in the eastern Japan, observed at both the sedimentary basin site and the rock site. As a result, this method predicted well the observed S-wave in the single indicator of SI within the logarithmic standard deviation of 0.25 as well as in the frequency of more than 0.5 Hz. It is, also, confirmed that the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station was stably retrieved from 20 data samples at least. To investigate the applicability of this method to earthquake ground motions induced by a large-scaled earthquake, finally, this method is applied to seismic data during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, Japan (Mw 9.0). The prediction of S-wave using a time-window of 10 s after P-wave arrived, could not reproduce the observation with the underestimation; however, the prediction of S-wave using a time-window of more than 20 s containing P-wave propagated from an area generating strong motions in the fault, could reproduce the observation. Even in the case of the large-scaled earthquake, the on-site P-wave EEW method based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station availably works by using the gradually increasing time-windows after P-wave arrived in the single indicator of SI as well as in the frequency content, avoiding the mixture of S-wave into a part of P-wave.Seiji TsunoFrontiers Media S.A.articleon-site EEWP-wavesite-specific ratioprediction of S-wavereal-timethe 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquakeScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	on-site EEW P-wave site-specific ratio prediction of S-wave real-time the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake Science Q
spellingShingle	on-site EEW P-wave site-specific ratio prediction of S-wave real-time the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake Science Q Seiji Tsuno Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
description	In this study, the on-site P-wave earthquake early warning (EEW) based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave to efficiently incorporate the site characteristics, which can potentially issue the earthquake warning by the time of Ts-p, was developed. The spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave that are related to the source effects, the path effects, and the site effects are significantly affected by the site effects contrast to the source effects and the path effects in practical. At first, the on-site P-wave EEW method which multiplies a site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave prepared in advance by P-wave observed in the real-time at seismic stations is applied to seismic data for moderate-sized earthquakes with a magnitude (Mj) of 5.0–6.0, occurred in the eastern Japan, observed at both the sedimentary basin site and the rock site. As a result, this method predicted well the observed S-wave in the single indicator of SI within the logarithmic standard deviation of 0.25 as well as in the frequency of more than 0.5 Hz. It is, also, confirmed that the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station was stably retrieved from 20 data samples at least. To investigate the applicability of this method to earthquake ground motions induced by a large-scaled earthquake, finally, this method is applied to seismic data during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, Japan (Mw 9.0). The prediction of S-wave using a time-window of 10 s after P-wave arrived, could not reproduce the observation with the underestimation; however, the prediction of S-wave using a time-window of more than 20 s containing P-wave propagated from an area generating strong motions in the fault, could reproduce the observation. Even in the case of the large-scaled earthquake, the on-site P-wave EEW method based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station availably works by using the gradually increasing time-windows after P-wave arrived in the single indicator of SI as well as in the frequency content, avoiding the mixture of S-wave into a part of P-wave.
format	article
author	Seiji Tsuno
author_facet	Seiji Tsuno
author_sort	Seiji Tsuno
title	Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
title_short	Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
title_full	Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
title_fullStr	Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
title_full_unstemmed	Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
title_sort	applicability of on-site p-wave earthquake early warning to seismic data observed during the 2011 off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake, japan
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1701133318e24f96a2f745223df69f66
work_keys_str_mv	AT seijitsuno applicabilityofonsitepwaveearthquakeearlywarningtoseismicdataobservedduringthe2011offthepacificcoastoftohokuearthquakejapan
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Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan

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